Cynnwys
- Main points
- In this bulletin
- Summary of latest regional labour market statistics
- Understanding and working with labour market statistics
- Employment
- Workforce jobs
- Actual hours worked (first published on 20 January 2016)
- Unemployment
- Claimant Count (experimental statistics)
- Economic inactivity
- Local labour market indicators
- Where to find more information about labour market statistics
- Quality information
- Background notes
1. Main points
The UK employment rate, for the 3 months ending January 2016, was highest in the East of England (78.0%) and lowest in Northern Ireland (69.0%). The employment rate estimates showed few large movements for the regions and countries of the UK.
The UK unemployment rate, for the 3 months ending January 2016, was highest in the North East (7.8%) and lowest in the East of England (3.6%). The general pattern for all regions is still for flat or gently decreasing unemployment rates.
The UK Claimant Count rate, for February 2016, was highest in Northern Ireland (4.3%) and lowest in the South East (1.1%). Compared with January 2016, the majority of regions show a decrease in the Claimant Count rate. The North East was the only region that saw an increase, of 0.1 percentage points.
The UK inactivity rate, for the 3 months ending January 2016, was highest in Northern Ireland (26.4%) and lowest in the South East (18.9%). The largest change in the inactivity rate, compared with the same period last year, was in Northern Ireland, which decreased by 1.4 percentage points.
The largest increase in UK workforce jobs, for December 2015, was in the South West, at 30,000. The largest decrease was in the North West, at 15,000.
The highest proportion of workforce jobs, for December 2015, in the service sector was in London, at 91.8%, which has increased by 0.1 percentage points since September 2015. The East Midlands had the highest proportion of jobs in the production sector, at 13.2%.
The highest average actual weekly hours worked, for the 12 months ending September 2015, was in Northern Ireland, at 33.6 hours and lowest in Yorkshire and The Humber, at 31.3 hours. For both full-time and part-time workers, it was highest in Northern Ireland, at 38.3 hours and 17.0 hours, respectively.
Nôl i'r tabl cynnwys2. In this bulletin
This bulletin shows the latest main labour market statistics for the regions and countries of the UK, along with statistics for local authorities, travel-to-work areas and parliamentary constituencies.
Data for Northern Ireland, although included in this bulletin, are available separately, in full, in the Northern Ireland Labour Market Report on the NISRA economic and labour market statistics website.
Updated this month
Labour Force Survey estimates for the period November 2015 to January 2016
Claimant Count for February 2016
Public and private sector employment for December 2015
Workforce jobs estimates for December 2015
Also in this release
Annual Population Survey estimates for the period October 2014 to September 2015
Nôl i'r tabl cynnwys3. Summary of latest regional labour market statistics
Table A shows the latest estimates for employment, unemployment and economic inactivity for November 2015 to January 2016 and a comparison with the previous quarter (August to October 2015). Comparing non-overlapping periods (November 2015 to January 2016 with August to October 2015) provides a more robust short-term comparison. Table B shows the latest Claimant Count rate for February 2016, and shows how these figures compare with the previous month (January 2016) and the previous year (February 2015).
Table A: Summary of latest headline estimates, seasonally adjusted, November 2015 to January 2016
UK regions | ||||||
Employment rate1 (%) aged 16 to 64 | Change on Aug to Oct 2015 | Unemployment rate2 (%) aged 16 and over | Change on Aug to Oct 2015 | Inactivity rate3 (%) aged 16 to 64 | Change on Aug to Oct 2015 | |
North East | 70.6 | 2.0 | 7.8 | -1.0 | 23.4 | -1.3 |
North West | 73.2 | 0.7 | 4.9 | -0.2 | 23.0 | -0.6 |
Yorkshire and The Humber | 71.9 | 0.2 | 6.1 | -0.1 | 23.3 | -0.2 |
East Midlands | 74.5 | 0.3 | 4.4 | 0.1 | 22.0 | -0.4 |
West Midlands | 71.1 | -0.3 | 5.4 | -0.1 | 24.7 | 0.3 |
East | 78.0 | 0.2 | 3.6 | -0.5 | 19.0 | 0.2 |
London | 72.7 | -0.3 | 6.3 | -0.1 | 22.4 | 0.3 |
South East | 77.9 | 0.2 | 3.8 | 0.2 | 18.9 | -0.3 |
South West | 77.1 | -0.9 | 3.8 | -0.1 | 19.7 | 1.1 |
England | 74.4 | 0.1 | 5.0 | -0.1 | 21.6 | 0.0 |
Wales | 71.5 | 1.1 | 5.2 | -0.7 | 24.4 | -0.7 |
Scotland | 74.5 | 0.1 | 6.1 | 0.5 | 20.5 | -0.6 |
Great Britain | 74.3 | 0.2 | 5.1 | -0.1 | 21.7 | -0.1 |
Northern Ireland | 69.0 | 0.6 | 6.0 | -0.1 | 26.4 | -0.6 |
UK | 74.1 | 0.2 | 5.1 | -0.1 | 21.8 | -0.1 |
Table source: Office for National Statistics | ||||||
Notes: | ||||||
1. Calculation of headline employment rate: Number of employed people aged from 16 to 64 divided by the population aged from 16 to 64. Population is the sum of employed plus unemployed plus inactive. | ||||||
2. Calculation of headline unemployment rate: Number of unemployed people aged 16 and over divided by the sum of employed people aged 16 and over plus unemployed people aged 16 and over. | ||||||
3. Calculation of headline economic inactivity rate: Number of economically inactive people aged from 16 to 64 divided by the population aged from 16 to 64. Population is the sum of employed plus unemployed plus inactive. |
Download this table Table A: Summary of latest headline estimates, seasonally adjusted, November 2015 to January 2016
.xls (29.2 kB)
Table B: Summary of latest Claimant Count estimates, seasonally adjusted, February 2016 (experimental statistics)
UK regions | ||||||
Level (thousands) aged 18 and over | Change on January 2016 | Change on February 2015 | Rate (%) aged 18 and over | Change on January 2016 | Change on February 2015 | |
North East | 47.1 | 0.8 | -1.1 | 3.9 | 0.1 | -0.1 |
North West | 99.2 | -3.4 | -3.4 | 2.6 | -0.1 | -0.1 |
Yorkshire and The Humber | 71.1 | -2.1 | -16.8 | 2.7 | -0.1 | -0.6 |
East Midlands | 42.3 | -1.9 | -9.6 | 1.9 | -0.1 | -0.4 |
West Midlands | 72.9 | -2.0 | -11.9 | 2.5 | -0.1 | -0.4 |
East | 42.7 | -2.0 | -7.9 | 1.4 | -0.1 | -0.3 |
London | 104.7 | -2.1 | -15.4 | 1.8 | 0.0 | -0.3 |
South East | 54.0 | -1.4 | -7.8 | 1.1 | 0.0 | -0.2 |
South West | 34.4 | -1.3 | -4.0 | 1.2 | 0.0 | -0.1 |
England | 568.4 | -15.2 | -78.1 | 1.9 | -0.1 | -0.3 |
Wales | 40.2 | -0.9 | -6.0 | 2.7 | -0.1 | -0.4 |
Scotland | 69.9 | -2.0 | -10.4 | 2.5 | -0.1 | -0.4 |
Great Britain | 678.4 | -18.2 | -94.5 | 2.0 | -0.1 | -0.3 |
Northern Ireland | 38.3 | 0.2 | -8.0 | 4.3 | 0.0 | -0.9 |
UK | 716.7 | -18.0 | -102.5 | 2.1 | -0.1 | -0.3 |
Table source: Department for Work and Pensions | ||||||
Notes: | ||||||
1. Calculation of headline Claimant Count rate: Number of people aged 18 and over claiming Jobseeker's Allowance plus out-of-work Universal Credit claimants. |
Download this table Table B: Summary of latest Claimant Count estimates, seasonally adjusted, February 2016 (experimental statistics)
.xls (28.2 kB)4. Understanding and working with labour market statistics
Labour market statistics measure many different aspects of work and jobs and provide an insight into the economy. They are also very much about people, including their participation in the labour force, the types of work they do, the earnings and benefits they receive and their working patterns. We have developed a framework for labour market statistics to describe the concepts within the labour market and their relationship to each other. The framework is based on labour supply and demand.
Labour supply consists of people who are employed, as well as those people defined as unemployed or economically inactive, who are considered to be potential labour supply. Our framework distinguishes between these 3 categories of worker, and also between the different working arrangements of those in employment such as employees, the self-employed and those on government schemes.
Labour demand is represented by employers, who have a need for work to be done, and who offer compensation for this work to the employees who undertake it. Employers group this work to form jobs.
This approach has wide international acceptance, including by the International Labour Organisation (ILO). Users of labour market statistics include central and local government, economists, financial analysts, journalists, businesses, trade unions, employer associations, students, teachers, industrial tribunals, academic researchers and lobby groups.
They use them for the analysis, evaluation, monitoring and planning of the labour market and economy. Labour market statistics are also used for social analysis and help inform a wide range of government policies towards population groups of particular concern (women, young people, older people and jobless households).
Labour market statuses
Everybody aged 16 or over is either employed, unemployed or economically inactive. The employment estimates include all people in work including those working part-time. People not working are classed as unemployed if they have been looking for work within the last 4 weeks and are able to start work within the next 2 weeks. A common misconception is that the unemployment statistics are a count of people on benefits; this is not the case as they include unemployed people not claiming benefits.
Jobless people who have not been looking for work within the last 4 weeks or who are unable to start work within the next 2 weeks are classed as economically inactive. Examples of economically inactive people include people not looking for work because they are students, looking after the family or home, because of illness or disability, or because they have retired.
A glossary is also available to explain the main labour market terms.
What is the relationship between the Annual Population Survey (APS) and the Labour Force Survey (LFS)?
The Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a household survey using international definitions of employment, unemployment and economic inactivity and compiles a wide range of related topics such as occupation, training, hours of work and personal characteristics of household members aged 16 years and over. Estimates are produced every month for a rolling 3 monthly period for example, January to March data in a release will be followed by data for February to April in the next release.
The Annual Population Survey (APS), which began in 2004, is compiled from interviews for the LFS, along with additional regional samples. The APS comprises the main variables from the LFS, with a much larger sample size. Consequently the APS supports more detailed breakdowns than can be reliably produced from the LFS. Estimates are produced every quarter for a rolling annual period for example, January to December data will be followed by data for April to March when they are next updated.
This bulletin includes labour market estimates at a regional level from the LFS on total employment, unemployment and economic inactivity. More detailed regional estimates for employment by age, full-time and part-time working, economic activity and inactivity by age, and reasons for inactivity are provided using the APS. Any estimates for geographic areas below regional level are provided using the APS. In tables where APS estimates are provided for detailed geographic areas, regional and national estimates are also provided from APS for comparability.
Making comparisons with earlier data
The most robust estimates of short-term movements in estimates derived from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) are obtained by comparing the estimates for November 2015 to January 2016 with the estimates for August to October 2015, which were first published on 16 December 2015. This provides a more robust estimate than comparing with the estimates for October to December 2015. This is because the November and December data are included within both estimates, so observed differences are only between October 2015 and January 2016. The LFS is representative of the UK population over a 3 month period, not for single month periods.
Accuracy and reliability of survey estimates
Most of the figures in this statistical bulletin come from surveys of households or businesses. Surveys gather information from a sample rather than from the whole population. The sample is designed carefully to allow for this, and to be as accurate as possible given practical limitations such as time and cost constraints, but results from sample surveys are always estimates, not precise figures. This means that they are subject to a margin of error which can have an impact on how changes in the numbers should be interpreted, especially in the short-term.
Changes in the numbers reported in this statistical bulletin (and especially the rates) between 3 month periods are usually not greater than the margin of error. In practice, this means that small, short-term movements in reported rates (for example, within plus or minus 0.3 percentage points) should be treated as indicative, and considered alongside medium and long-term patterns in the series and corresponding movements in administrative sources, where available, to give a fuller picture.
Further information is available in Quality information, in the background notes section.
Seasonal adjustment
All estimates discussed in this statistical bulletin are seasonally adjusted except where otherwise stated. Like many economic indicators, the labour market is affected by factors that tend to occur at around the same time every year; for example, school leavers entering the labour market in July and whether Easter falls in March or April. In order to compare movements other than annual changes in labour market statistics the data are seasonally adjusted to remove the effects of seasonal factors and the arrangement of the calendar.
A glossary is also available to explain the main labour market terms.
Where to find explanatory information
We have produced a number of items to help aid understanding and highlight common misunderstandings of labour market statistics, all of which are available on our website:
- interpreting labour market statistics
- a detailed guide to labour market statistics
- a glossary of labour market terms
5. Employment
Employment measures the number of people in work; it differs from the number of jobs because some people have more than one job.
Employment consists of employees, self-employed people, unpaid family workers and people on government supported training and employment programmes. Unpaid family workers are people who work in a family business who do not receive a formal wage or salary but benefit from the profits of that business. The government supported training and employment programmes series does not include all people on these programmes; it only includes people engaging in any form of work, work experience or work-related training who are not included in the employees or self-employed series. People on these programmes not engaging in any form of work, work experience or work-related training are not included in the employment estimates; they are classified as unemployed or economically inactive.
A comparison between estimates of employment and jobs article is available on our website.
A glossary is also available to explain the main labour market terms.
Regional employment
The employment rate for people aged from 16 to 64 for the UK was 74.1%, for the period November 2015 to January 2016. This is an increase of 0.2 percentage points from the previous period (August to October 2015).
The UK region with the highest employment rate was the East of England, at 78.0%, followed by the South East, at 77.9% and the South West, at 77.1%. The highest rate for the same period last year was also in the East of England, at 76.6%.
The region with the lowest employment rate was Northern Ireland, at 69.0%, followed by the North East, at 70.6% and West Midlands, at 71.1%. The lowest rate for the same period last year was also in Northern Ireland, at 67.7%.
The region with the largest increase in the employment rate on the previous period (August to October 2015), was the North East, with an increase of 2.0 percentage points, followed by Wales, with an increase of 1.1 percentage points and the North West, with an increase of 0.7 percentage points.
The increase for the North East is particularly large. It follows a period through the middle of 2015 where the employment rate estimates for the North East were particularly low, showing a general pattern of falling employment rates, while other regions’ employment rates have been flat or growing. The estimates towards the end of the year now bring the annual change for the North East up to a modest increase, more in line with the majority of other regions.
The increase for Wales is partially being driven by an unusually low estimate for the August to October 2015 period.
The South West had the largest decrease in the employment rate, with a decrease of 0.9 percentage points. It is not yet clear whether this is part of an ongoing pattern of falling employment rates. The latest estimate is still higher than the employment rate for the South West a year ago.
The South West was followed by the West Midlands and London, both with a decrease of 0.3 percentage points. All other regions saw an increase in the employment rate on the previous period.
The employment rates for the North East, North West and Wales are at a record high. Meanwhile the employment levels for Yorkshire and The Humber, the East of England, Wales and Northern Ireland are all at record highs.
Figure 1: Employment rates by region and comparison year on year, seasonally adjusted, November 2014 to January 2015 and November 2015 to January 2016
UK regions
Source: Office for National Statistics
Download this chart Figure 1: Employment rates by region and comparison year on year, seasonally adjusted, November 2014 to January 2015 and November 2015 to January 2016
Image .csv .xlsOver the year, the region with the largest increase in the employment rate was the North West, with an increase of 2.0 percentage points, followed by Wales, with an increase of 1.8 percentage points and the South East and East of England, both with an increase of 1.4 percentage points.
There were only 2 regions that saw a decrease in the employment rate; Yorkshire and The Humber, at 0.5 percentage points and the West Midlands, at 0.1 percentage points.
Where to find data about employment
Employment estimates are available for each region at Dataset HI00 – Headline LFS indicators for all UK regions and HI01 to HI12 – Headline indicators for individual UK regions (Tabs 1 and 2), and Datasets LI01 to LI05 ¬– Local indicators for sub-regional areas of Great Britain, for this and further estimate breakdowns by age or geographies.
These tables contain data produced from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and Annual Population Survey (APS). A note in the section “Understanding and working with labour market statistics” on the relationship between the LFS and APS entitled “What is the relationship between the APS and the LFS?” is included in this bulletin.
Nôl i'r tabl cynnwys6. Workforce jobs
Workforce jobs measures the number of filled jobs in the economy. The estimates are mainly sourced from employer surveys such as the Short-Term Employment Surveys (STES) and the Quarterly Public Sector Employment Survey (QPSES). Workforce jobs is a different concept from employment, which is sourced from the Labour Force Survey (LFS), as employment is an estimate of people and some people have more than one job.
A comparison between estimates of employment and jobs article is published on our website.
A glossary is also available to explain the main labour market terms.
The service sector consists of the following industries:
- wholesale and retail trade
- repair of motor vehicles and motor cycles, transport and storage
- accommodation and food service activities
- information and communication
- financial and insurance activities
- real estate activities
- professional, scientific and technical activities
- administrative and support service activities
- public administration and defence
- compulsory social security
- education
- human health and social work activities
- arts, entertainment and recreation
- other service activities
- people employed by households, etc
The production sector consists of the following industries:
- mining and quarrying
- manufacturing
- electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply
- water supply, sewerage, waste and remediation activities
The “other” sector consists of agriculture, forestry, and fishing and construction industries.
The Northern Ireland self-employed component of the workforce jobs is published by NISRA as part of the economic and labour market statistics.
Regional workforce jobs
Workforce jobs increased in 7 of the 12 regions of the UK between September and December 2015. The largest increase of 30,000 was in the South West, followed by Wales, which increased by 28,000.
The largest decrease of 15,000 was in the North West, followed by Yorkshire and The Humber, which decreased by 11,000.
Compared with the same month last year (December 2014), the largest increase in workforce jobs was in London, with an increase of 85,000. This was also the largest overall change. The largest decrease was in the South East, at 9,000.
Figure 2: Change in workforce jobs, by region, seasonally adjusted, December 2014 and December 2015
UK regions
Source: Office for National Statistics
Download this chart Figure 2: Change in workforce jobs, by region, seasonally adjusted, December 2014 and December 2015
Image .csv .xlsThe East Midlands had the highest proportion of jobs in the production sector, at 13.2%, whilst London had the lowest proportion, at 2.9%. This is due to London having primarily service-based industries within its region, such as financial and administrative sectors.
For the service sector, London had the highest proportion, at 91.8%, whilst Wales had the lowest proportion, at 77.5%. The service sector currently accounts for 83.1% of the total workforce jobs in the UK.
Figure 3: Proportion of workforce jobs by broad industry group, by region, December 2015
UK regions
Source: Office for National Statistics
Download this chart Figure 3: Proportion of workforce jobs by broad industry group, by region, December 2015
Image .csv .xlsWhere to find data about workforce jobs
Workforce jobs estimates are available for each region at Datasets HI01 to HI12 – Headline indicators for individual UK regions (Tabs 4 and 5).
While comparable estimates for workforce jobs by industry begin in 1978, there is information back to 1841, based on census data, not comparable with the latest estimates, available from 2011 Census Analysis, 170 years of industry on our website.
Nôl i'r tabl cynnwys7. Actual hours worked (first published on 20 January 2016)
Actual hours worked measures the number of hours worked in the economy. Changes in actual hours worked reflect changes in the number of people in employment and the average hours worked by those people.
A glossary is also available to explain the main labour market terms.
Regional actual hours worked
For the period October 2014 to September 2015, the UK region with the highest average actual weekly hours worked, for all workers, was Northern Ireland, at 33.6 hours, followed by London, at 33.2 hours and the East Midlands and East of England, both at 32.5 hours. The lowest was Yorkshire and The Humber, at 31.3 hours, followed by the North East and South West, both at 31.4 hours.
The UK region with the largest increase in the average hours worked, compared with the same period last year (October 2013 to September 2014) was Wales, an increase of 0.5 hours, a percentage increase of 1.7%. This was followed by Northern Ireland and the West Midlands, both with an increase of 0.4 hours (1.3% and 1.1% respectively). The largest decrease in the average hours worked, was in Yorkshire and The Humber, with a decrease of 0.8 hours (2.4%) and the South East, with a decrease of 0.5 hours (1.5%).
The region with the highest average actual weekly hours worked in full-time jobs, was Northern Ireland, at 38.3 hours, an increase of 0.2 hours, a percentage increase of 0.5%, compared with the same period last year. The lowest was Scotland, at 36.6 hours, which has decreased by 0.4 hours, a percentage decrease of 1.1%. For part-time jobs, the region with the highest average hours worked was Northern Ireland, at 17.0 hours and the lowest was the South East, at 15.3 hours.
For men the region with the highest average hours worked was Northern Ireland, at 39.1 hours and for women it was London, at 28.5 hours. The largest difference in average hours worked between men and women was in Northern Ireland, where men worked on average 11.7 more hours a week than women. The largest change compared with the same period last year (October 2013 to September 2014), was seen for women in Yorkshire and The Humber, where the average hours worked decreased by 2.9%; a decrease from 26.8 hours to 26.0 hours per week.
The region with the largest difference in total hours worked between men and women was the South East, where men worked a total of 32.0 million more hours than women. The region with the smallest difference was Northern Ireland, where men worked only 6.0 million more hours than women.
Figure 4: Average (mean) actual weekly hours of work, by region and by sex, October 2014 to September 2015
UK regions
Source: Office for National Statistics
Download this chart Figure 4: Average (mean) actual weekly hours of work, by region and by sex, October 2014 to September 2015
Image .csv .xlsWhere to find data about hours worked
Hours worked estimates are available for each region at Datasets HI01 to HI12 – Headline indicators for individual UK regions (Tab 6). These estimates are based on data from the Annual Population Survey (APS).
The national data is also available at the UK labour market statistical bulletin at Datasets Hour1 - Actual weekly hours worked (seasonally adjusted) and Hour2 – Usual weekly hours worked (seasonally adjusted). These estimates are based on data from the Labour Force Survey (LFS).
Nôl i'r tabl cynnwys8. Unemployment
Unemployment measures people without a job who have been actively seeking work within the last 4 weeks and are available to start work within the next 2 weeks.
A glossary is also available to explain the main labour market terms.
Regional unemployment
Regional estimates for the unemployment rate are quite volatile, which needs to be allowed for when considering the pattern of change over time.
The unemployment rate for people aged 16 and over for the UK was 5.1%, for the period November 2015 to January 2016. This is a decrease of 0.1 percentage points from the previous period (August to October 2015).
The UK region with the highest rate was the North East, at 7.8%. This was also the region with the highest rate, for the same period last year, at 7.7%. The next highest rates were seen in London, at 6.3% and Yorkshire and The Humber and Scotland, both at 6.1%. The region with the lowest rate was the East of England, at 3.6%, followed by the South East and South West, both at 3.8%.
The region with the largest decrease in the unemployment rate on the previous period (August to October 2015), was the North East, at 1.0 percentage point, followed by Wales, at 0.7 percentage points. In both cases the general pattern of movements has been showing more modest decreases. These were followed by the East of England, at 0.5 percentage points.
Scotland, the South East and the East Midlands are the only regions that have seen an increase; 0.5, 0.2 and 0.1 percentage points respectively, compared with the previous period. However, the underlying pattern for Scotland has been for generally flat unemployment rates.
The general pattern for all regions is still for flat or gently decreasing unemployment rates.
Figure 5: Unemployment rates by region, seasonally adjusted, November 2015 to January 2016
UK regions
Source: Office for National Statistics
Download this chart Figure 5: Unemployment rates by region, seasonally adjusted, November 2015 to January 2016
Image .csv .xlsMost regions are showing decreases in the unemployment rate compared with a year ago, with the exception of Scotland, which increased by 0.3 percentage points, London and the North East, which both increased by 0.1 percentage points and Yorkshire and The Humber and Northern Ireland remaining unchanged. The largest decrease was in the East of England, at 1.5 percentage points, followed by the North West, at 1.2 percentage points.
We are currently unable to produce the interactive chart relating to unemployment rate by government region, due to compatibility issues. We aim to develop an improved version of this in the near future.
Where to find data about unemployment
Unemployment estimates are available for each region at Dataset HI00 – Headline LFS indicators for all UK regions and HI01 to HI12 – Headline indicators for individual UK regions (Tab 2(2)), and Datasets LI01 to LI05 – Local indicators for sub-regional areas of Great Britain, for further estimate breakdowns by age or geographies.
These tables contain data produced from the LFS and APS. A note in the section “Understanding and working with Labour Market Statistics” on the relationship between the LFS and APS entitled “What is the relationship between the APS and the LFS?” is included in this bulletin.
Nôl i'r tabl cynnwys9. Claimant Count (experimental statistics)
Special note: Changes to the Claimant Count
In editions of this statistical bulletin prior to June 2015, the headline measure of the Claimant Count included claimants of Jobseeker’s Allowance (JSA) only. Since the June 2015 edition, the headline measure of the Claimant Count includes some claimants of Universal Credit as well as JSA claimants. These Universal Credit estimates are still being developed by the Department for Work and Pensions. We have therefore decided that the Claimant Count estimates including Universal Credit (which have been published as an alternative measure since July 2014) will continue to be designated as experimental statistics even though they are now the headline measure.
The coverage of the Universal Credit estimates does not precisely match the Claimant Count definition, because it includes some claimants who are not required to seek work.
What is the Claimant Count?
The Claimant Count measures the number of people claiming benefit principally for the reason of being unemployed:
- from May 2013, the Claimant Count includes all out of work Universal Credit claimants as well as all JSA claimants
- between October 1996 and April 2013, the Claimant Count is a count of the number of people claiming Jobseeker’s Allowance (JSA)
- between February 1971 (when comparable estimates start) and September 1996, it is an estimate of the number of people who would have claimed unemployment-related benefits if Jobseeker’s Allowance had existed at that time
Ideally only those Universal Credit claimants who are out of work and required to seek work should be included in the Claimant Count, but it is not currently possible to produce estimates on this basis. The Claimant Count therefore currently includes some out of work claimants of Universal Credit who are not required to look for work; for example, due to illness or disability.
The Claimant Count includes people who claim unemployment-related benefits but who do not receive payment. For example, some claimants will have had their benefits stopped for a limited period of time by Jobcentre Plus. Some people claim JSA in order to receive National Insurance Credits.
See “Notes for Claimant Count” 1,2,3,4,5 at the end of this section and background notes for further details.
Regional Claimant Count
The seasonally adjusted Claimant Count rate for the UK was 2.1% in February 2016; a decrease of 0.1 percentage points from January 2016, with the level down 18,000.
The UK region with the highest rate was Northern Ireland, at 4.3%; which is unchanged from the previous month. The next highest rates were in the North East, at 3.9%, Yorkshire and The Humber and Wales, both at 2.7% and the North West, at 2.6%. Northern Ireland was also the region with the highest rate for the same period last year, at 5.2%.
The region with the lowest rate was the South East, at 1.1%, followed by the South West, at 1.2% and the East of England, at 1.4%. The largest change in the Claimant Count level from the previous month was seen in the North West, with a decrease of 3,400, followed by Yorkshire and The Humber and London, which both decreased by 2,100. The North West is the region where the roll-out of Universal Credit is furthest progressed which may account for the differing pattern of movements in the Claimant Count.
Over the last 12 months the average change in the Claimant Count rates decreased in all regions of the UK, with Northern Ireland showing the largest change, with an average decrease of 0.07 percentage points per month.
The Claimant Count levels for men have decreased across most regions of the UK, except for the North East and Northern Ireland, which increased by 700 and 100 respectively. Notably, the largest change in the Claimant Count level for men is in the North West, which has decreased by 2,600. The levels for women are showing mostly small decreases, with the exception of the North East, which increased by 200 and Northern Ireland, which increased by 100. The largest decrease for women occurred in the North West, where the level decreased by 800.
Figure 6: Claimant Count rate by region and comparison year on year, seasonally adjusted, February 2015 and February 2016
UK regions
Source: Department for work and Pensions
Download this chart Figure 6: Claimant Count rate by region and comparison year on year, seasonally adjusted, February 2015 and February 2016
Image .csv .xls
Figure 7: Comparison of Claimant Count rate, annual average change and monthly change, February 2016
UK regions
Source: Department for Work and Pensions
Download this chart Figure 7: Comparison of Claimant Count rate, annual average change and monthly change, February 2016
Image .csv .xlsNotes for Claimant Count
- The Claimant Count now includes people claiming Universal Credit. The background notes to this statistical bulletin have further details.
- The Claimant Count includes people who claim Jobseeker’s Allowance but who do not receive payment. For example, some claimants will have had their benefits stopped for a limited period of time by Jobcentre Plus; this is known as “sanctioning”. Some people claim Jobseeker’s Allowance in order to receive National Insurance Credits.
- An article explaining how unemployment and the Claimant Count series are defined and measured and the difference between the 2 series is available, along with an article to help users interpret labour market statistics and highlight some common misunderstandings.
- Universal Credit has not yet been introduced in Northern Ireland and so the "Claimant Count" for Northern Ireland will only be the number of people claiming Jobseeker's Allowance.
- Estimates of Claimant Count by region are available on a comparable basis back to April 1974. The figures from April 1974 to September 1996 are estimates of the number of people who would have claimed unemployment-related benefits if JSA had existed. The national records start in 1971, and some data back to 1881 (which do not have National Statistics status) are available from the “Historic Data” worksheet within Dataset CLA01 – Claimant Count (experimental statistics) in the UK Labour Market bulletin.
Where to find data about Claimant Count
Claimant Count estimates are available for each region at Datasets HI01 to HI12 – Headline indicators for individual UK regions (Tab 7) and at Datasets CC01 – Claimant Count by unitary and local authority and CC02 – Claimant Count by parliamentary constituency for further estimate breakdowns by geographies.
Datasets showing estimates of Jobseeker’s Allowance are still available at HI01 to HI12 – Headline indicators for individual UK regions (Tabs 7(1), 8 and 8(2)), and in Datasets JSA01 – Jobseeker’s Allowance for local and unitary authorities in the UK, JSA02 – Jobseeker’s Allowance for Westminster parliamentary constituencies in the UK, JSA02.1 – Jobseeker’s Allowance for Scottish parliamentary constituencies and JSA03 – Jobseeker’s Allowance for Local Enterprise Partnerships in England, for further estimate breakdowns by sub-regional geographic areas. However these estimates are not designated as National Statistics. The back data for Jobseeker’s Allowance, at a regional level, is available from Nomis. Workplace-based denominators used for the Claimant Count are also available at Dataset (S03) – Claimant Count denominators.
Nôl i'r tabl cynnwys10. Economic inactivity
Economically inactive people are not in employment but do not meet the internationally accepted definition of unemployment. This is because they have not been seeking work within the last 4 weeks and/or they are unable to start work within the next 2 weeks.
A glossary is also available to explain the main labour market terms.
Regional economic inactivity
The inactivity rate for people aged from 16 to 64 for the UK was 21.8%, for the period November 2015 to January 2016. This is a decrease of 0.1 percentage points from the previous period (August to October 2015). The UK region with the highest rate was Northern Ireland, at 26.4%, followed by the West Midlands, at 24.7%. The region with the lowest rate was the South East, at 18.9%, followed by the East of England, at 19.0% and the South West, at 19.7%.
The region with the largest increase in the inactivity rate on the previous period (August to October 2015), was the South West, with an increase of 1.1 percentage points, followed by London and the West Midlands, both at 0.3 percentage points. The North East had the largest decrease in the rate, with a decrease of 1.3 percentage points, followed by Wales, at 0.7 percentage points.
Over the year, the region with the largest increase in the inactivity rate was the West Midlands, with an increase of 1.0 percentage point, followed by Yorkshire and The Humber, with an increase of 0.4 percentage points. The largest decreases in the rate were in Northern Ireland, at 1.4 percentage points, followed by Wales, at 1.2 percentage points.
Northern Ireland also had the highest inactivity rate, at 27.8%, in the same period in 2015, decreasing by 1.4 percentage points over the last year. The current rate is now 4.6 percentage points higher than the UK rate.
Figure 8: Economic inactivity by region and comparison year on year, seasonally adjusted, November 2014 to January 2015 and November 2015 to January 2016
UK regions
Source: Office for National Statistics
Download this chart Figure 8: Economic inactivity by region and comparison year on year, seasonally adjusted, November 2014 to January 2015 and November 2015 to January 2016
Image .csv .xlsWhere to find data about economic inactivity
Inactivity estimates are available for each region at Dataset HI00 – Headline LFS indicators for all UK regions and HI01 to HI12 – Headline indicators for individual UK regions (Tabs 10 and 11), and Datasets LI01 to LI05 – Local indicators for sub-regional areas of Great Britain, for further estimate breakdowns by age, reason or geographies.
These tables contain data produced from the LFS and APS. A note in the section “Understanding and working with labour market statistics” on the relationship between the LFS and APS entitled “What is the relationship between the APS and the LFS?” is included in this bulletin.
Nôl i'r tabl cynnwys11. Local labour market indicators
Local labour market indicators cover employment, unemployment, economic inactivity, Jobseeker’s Allowance and jobs density, for sub-regional geographic areas such as local and unitary authorities, counties and regions in the UK for the most recent 12 month period available of the Annual Population Survey (APS). The job density of an area is the number of jobs per head, of resident population, aged 16 to 64.
Indicators from the Annual Population Survey (first published on 20 January 2016)
For the period October 2014 to September 2015, the local authorities with the highest employment rate in Great Britain were Rushmoor, at 88.0%, Winchester, at 87.7%, the Orkney Islands, at 87.5% and West Somerset, at 86.6%. The City of London is the local authority with the lowest rate, at 50.7%, followed by Liverpool at 59.4%; these are the only 2 local authorities with an employment rate lower than 60%. For the same period last year, the highest rates were in Oadby and Wigston, at 85.9% and Huntingdonshire, at 85.6%; these areas are now 73.7% and 82.4%, respectively.
For the period October 2014 to September 2015, the local authority with the highest unemployment rate in Great Britain was Middlesbrough, at 11.0%, followed by Barking and Dagenham, at 10.5% and Wolverhampton, at 10.0%. The local authorities with the lowest rate were Stratford-on-Avon, at 2.0%, followed by Harrogate and Eden in Cumbria, both at 2.2% and Derbyshire Dales, South Northamptonshire, Harborough and the Shetland Islands, all at 2.3%. These were followed by 3 local authorities, all at 2.4%, 2 local authorities, both at 2.5% and a further 34 local authorities, all under 3.0%. For the same period last year, there were only 6 local authorities with a rate of less than 3.0%.
Indicators using Claimant Count data (Experimental Statistics)
In February 2016, excluding the Isles of Scilly, the UK local authorities with the lowest proportion of the population, aged from 16 to 64 years, claiming Jobseeker’s Allowance or out-of-work Universal Credit, were Stratford-on-Avon and Hart in Hampshire, both at 0.4%, followed by 9 local authorities, all at 0.5% and 21 other local authorities, all at 0.6%. There were a further 67 local authorities with a proportion of less than 1.0%.
The proportion was highest in Derry City and Strabane, at 6.4%, followed by Middlesbrough, at 4.9% and Hartlepool, at 4.8%. The next highest rates were in South Tyneside, at 4.7%, Redcar and Cleveland, at 4.5% and Belfast, at 4.4%. There were a further 30 local authorities with a proportion of 3.0% or more in the UK.
The local authority map in Figure 9 reflects the Claimant Count for the total amount of people claiming Jobseeker’s Allowance and Universal Credit only. Due to technical issues it is not currently possible to show the latest Northern Ireland districts on this map. In the meantime we will continue to show the Northern Ireland districts as they were prior to the April 2015 reorganisation. We are also unable to produce the interactive version of this map, due to compatibility issues. We aim to develop an improved version of this map in the near future.
Figure 9: Claimant Count map, February 2016
Claimant Count proportion of people aged 16 to 64 in local authorities in the UK
Source: Department for Work and Pensions
Download this image Figure 9: Claimant Count map, February 2016
.png (98.6 kB)Job densities (first published on 17 April 2015)
The job density of an area is the number of jobs per head, of resident population, aged 16 to 64. In 2013, the highest jobs density in Great Britain was the City of London, at 81.79 and the lowest was East Renfrewshire, at 0.40. Westminster (4.35), Camden (2.15) and Islington (1.36), all in London, were the next highest jobs densities. The highest jobs density outside London was Watford, at 1.32. After East Renfrewshire, the lowest jobs densities were Lewisham, at 0.41, followed by Barking and Dagenham, at 0.44 and East Dunbartonshire, Waltham Forest, Redbridge and Haringey, all at 0.45.
Where to find data about local labour market indicators
APS estimates are available at Datasets LI01 to LI05 – Local indicators for sub-regional areas of Great Britain and Claimant Count estimates are available at Datasets CC01 – Claimant Count by unitary and local authority and CC02 – Claimant Count by parliamentary constituency in this statistical bulletin.
These tables contain data produced from the APS. A note in the section “Understanding and working with labour market statistics” on the relationship between the LFS and APS entitled “What is the relationship between the APS and the LFS?” is included in this bulletin.
Nôl i'r tabl cynnwys12. Where to find more information about labour market statistics
Other datasets within the regional labour market release:
Guide to tables in regional labour market statistical bulletin
Summary of headline indicators (S01)
Sampling variability and revisions summary (S02)
Model based estimates of unemployment (M01)
Estimates of employment by age (experimental statistics) (X01)
Estimates of unemployment by age (experimental statistics) (X02)
Estimates of inactivity by age (experimental statistics) (X03)
Regional public and private sector employment (RPUB1)
Other regularly published labour market releases:
Young people not in education, employment or training (NEET)
regional and local area statistics are also available at NOMIS®
We have also produced:
Historic articles published in Economic and Labour Market Review and Labour Market Trends
Articles about labour market statistics were published in Labour Market Trends (up until 2006) and in Economic and Labour Market Review (from 2007 to 2011). Editions of Labour Market Trends are available from July 2001 until January 2006 when the publication was discontinued. Editions of Economic and Labour Market Review are available from the first edition, published in February 2007, up until the last edition published in May 2011.
Nôl i'r tabl cynnwys13. Quality information
One indication of the reliability of the main indicators in this bulletin can be obtained by monitoring the size of revisions. These summary measures are available in Dataset S02 regional labour market sampling variability spreadsheet and show the size of revisions over the last 5 years.
The revised data may be subject to sampling or other sources of error. Our standard presentation is to show 5 years worth of revisions (that is, 60 observations for a monthly series, 20 for a quarterly series). Further information on the quality of and methods for workforce jobs estimates can be found in the summary quality report.
Other quality information
Quality and methodology information papers for labour market statistics are available. Further information about the Labour Force Survey (LFS) is available from:
Nôl i'r tabl cynnwys