UK trade: June 2025

• The value of goods imports decreased by £1.7 billion (3.4%) in June 2025, because of falls in imports from both EU and non-EU countries.

• The value of goods exports decreased by £1.9 billion (6.3%) in June 2025, because of falls in exports to both EU and non-EU countries.

• Exports of goods to the United States decreased by £0.7 billion (14.5%) in June 2025, to their lowest level since February 2022.

• The total goods and services trade deficit widened by £1.7 billion to a deficit of £9.2 billion in Quarter 2 (Apr to June) 2025, because of a larger rise in imports than in exports.

• The trade in goods deficit widened by £5.8 billion to £61.1 billion in Quarter 2 2025, while the trade in services surplus is estimated to have widened by around £4.1 billion, to £51.9 billion.

Total imports of goods in current prices, which are not adjusted for inflation (as explained in Section 13: Glossary), decreased by £1.7 billion (3.4%) in June 2025, because of a £1.3 billion (4.8%) fall in imports from the EU and a £0.4 billion (1.7%) decrease in imports from non-EU countries (Table 1 and Figure 1).

Total exports of goods decreased by £1.9 billion (6.3%) in June 2025, because of a £1.5 billion (9.5%) fall in exports to non-EU countries and a £0.4 billion (2.9%) decrease in exports to the EU.

Imports from the EU were £2.5 billion higher than from non-EU countries in June 2025, while exports to the EU were £0.3 billion higher than to non-EU countries.

Figure 1: Imports from and exports to both EU and non-EU countries fell in June 2025

EU and non-EU goods imports and exports, excluding precious metals, current prices, seasonally adjusted, June 2022 to June 2025

After removing the effect of inflation by calculating chained volume measures (as explained in Section 13: Glossary), total goods imports decreased by £1.9 billion (3.6%) in June 2025 (Figure 2). This was primarily because of a £1.5 billion (5.7%) fall in imports from the EU, while imports from non-EU countries fell by £0.4 billion (1.5%).

Total goods exports decreased by £1.9 billion (6.1%) in June 2025 after the effect of inflation was removed. This was primarily because exports to non-EU countries fell by £1.6 billion (10.2%), while exports to the EU fell by £0.3 billion (2.1%).

Figure 2: Imports and exports of goods fell in both value and inflation adjusted terms in June 2025

Imports and exports of goods, excluding precious metals, current prices and chained volume measures, seasonally adjusted, EU and non-EU, June 2022 to June 2025

Note:

1. Our chained volume measures (CVM) series are based on indices impacted by issues affecting the Producer Price Index (PPI). We therefore advise caution in interpreting CVM movements. More detail is provided in Section 14: Data sources and quality.

Exports of goods to the United States, including precious metals, fell by £0.7 billion in June 2025 (Figure 3). The value of goods exports to the United States in June 2025 were at their lowest level since February 2022 and have remained relatively low since the introduction of tariffs in April.

There were decreases in exports of all commodities to the United States in June 2025. Exports of chemicals, and exports of machinery and transport equipment both decreased by £0.2 billion. The fall in chemical exports was linked to lower exports of inorganic chemicals, and the fall in machinery and transport equipment was because of reduced car exports.

Imports of goods from the United States, including precious metals, increased by £0.2 billion in June 2025. This was mainly because of a rise in imports of machinery and transport equipment, resulting from higher imports of aircraft.

President Trump formally announced a range of tariffs on imports of goods to the United States on 2 April 2025. The UK government subsequently signed a trade deal with the United States, which came into force on 30 June 2025. The deal includes reducing the tariff on UK car exports to the United States and removing tariffs on UK aluminium and steel exports. All other commodities remain subject to the additional 10% blanket tariff on US imports in effect since April 2025. Any direct impact of this trade deal on UK imports from or exports to the United States would be present in July 2025 trade data; the first full month of data following the implementation of the trade deal.

There have been considerable changes in the United States international trade policy in recent months, which has posed challenges for UK businesses. According to our Business insights and impact on the UK economy bulletin published on 7 August 2025, 32% of businesses with 10 or more employees that had exported goods in the last 12 months reported they were impacted by US tariffs in the last month, with the most-reported impact being businesses experiencing additional costs (18%).

It is important to note that monthly data can be erratic, and therefore movements should be treated with caution. More detailed estimates on the UK's trade in goods with the United States can be found in our Trade in goods: country-by-commodity imports dataset and Trade in goods: country-by-commodity exports dataset. Our UK trade with the United States article provides a more detailed look at our trade in goods and services with the United States in 2024.

Figure 3: Exports to the United States fell in June 2025 to their lowest level since February 2022

Goods imports from and exports to the United States, including precious metals, current prices, non-seasonally adjusted, June 2023 to June 2025

Goods imports

Imports from the EU decreased by £1.3 billion (4.8%) in June 2025. This was because of £0.3 billion falls in imports of chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, and miscellaneous manufactures (Figure 4). The fall in chemical imports was because of lower imports of medicinal and pharmaceutical products from the Netherlands and Belgium. The reduction of imports of machinery and transport equipment was because of a fall in imports of office machinery (capital) from the Netherlands and cars from Germany. The fall in miscellaneous manufactures was linked to reduced imports of footwear from Belgium.

Imports from non-EU countries decreased by £0.4 billion (1.7%) in June 2025. This was mainly because of a £0.4 billion fall in imports of material manufactures and a £0.2 billion fall in imports of miscellaneous manufactures. The fall in imports of material manufactures was because of reduced imports from Hong Kong and the fall in imports of miscellaneous manufactures linked to lower imports of jewellery from the United Arab Emirates. These falls were partially offset by a £0.3 billion rise in imports of machinery and transport equipment, which was caused by increased imports of aircraft from the United States.

Figure 4: Imports of most commodities from the EU decreased in June 2025

Changes in EU and non-EU goods imports by commodity group, excluding unspecified goods, current prices, seasonally adjusted, June 2025 compared with May 2025

Goods exports

Exports to the EU decreased by £0.4 billion (2.9%) in June 2025. This was primarily because of a £0.5 billion fall in exports of machinery and transport equipment which was partially offset by small increases in fuel and chemical exports. The fall in exports of machinery and transport equipment was linked to reduced exports of aircraft to Germany (Figure 5).

Exports to non-EU countries decreased by £1.5 billion (9.5%) in June 2025. This was because of a £0.6 billion fall in exports of machinery and transport equipment, a £0.4 billion fall in exports of material manufactures and £0.2 billion falls in exports of fuels, and food and live animals. The fall in exports of machinery and transport equipment was linked to reduced exports of cars to the United States, as well as a fall in exports of mechanical power generators (intermediate) to Singapore and China. The fall in exports of material manufactures was primarily because of lower exports to India.

Figure 5: Exports of machinery and transport equipment to both EU and non-EU countries fell in June 2025

Changes in EU and non-EU goods exports by commodity group, excluding unspecified goods, current prices, seasonally adjusted, June 2025 compared with May 2025

Early estimates suggest imports of services increased by £0.3 billion (1.0%) in value terms in June 2025, while exports fell by £0.1 billion (0.2%) (Figure 6). There was little difference between trade in services trends in value and inflation-adjusted terms.

Monthly figures for trade in services for June 2025 are estimated from Quarter 2 (Apr to June) 2025 data, using additional data sources. Early estimates of trade in services are revised in line with the National Accounts Revisions Policy. Our UK trade quality and methodology information (QMI) has more detail on how our trade in services statistics are compiled.

The S&P Global UK Services Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) (PDF, 130KB) for June 2025 reported a sustained increase to business activity in the services sector, with the strongest output growth in ten months. This was driven by the domestic market, whereas export sales fell for the third month in a row. Business expectations were generally high, which was attributed partly to anticipated decreases in borrowing costs.

Figure 6: Imports of services increased in both value and inflation-adjusted terms in June 2025

Imports and exports of services, current prices and chained volume measures, seasonally adjusted, June 2022 to June 2025

Notes:

1. Monthly figures for trade in services for June 2025 are forecast using time series and additional data sources. Early estimates of trade in services are revised in line with the National Accounts Revisions Policy.

2. Our chained volume measures (CVM) series are based on indices impacted by issues affecting the Producer Price Index (PPI). We therefore advise caution in interpreting CVM movements. More detail is provided in Section 14: Data sources and quality.

Total imports of goods increased by £2.4 billion (1.6%) in Quarter 2 (Apr to June) 2025, compared with Quarter 1 (Jan to Mar) 2025 (Table 2). This rise was because of a £2.4 billion (3.1%) increase in goods imports from the EU, while goods imports from non-EU countries remained stable.

Total exports of goods decreased by £3.4 billion (3.7%) in Quarter 2 (Apr to June) 2025. This fall was because goods exports to non-EU countries decreased by £4.9 billion (9.9%), which was partially offset by a £1.5 billion (3.6%) rise in exports to the EU.

For trade in services for Quarter 2 2025, International Trade in Services (ITIS) survey figures are forecast using time series data. This forecast is combined with additional data sources to estimate trade in services totals. This forecast will be revised in our GDP quarterly national accounts bulletin, publishing on 30 September, using ITIS survey data.

Early estimates indicate that imports of services decreased by around £0.2 billion (0.2%) in Quarter 2 2025, compared with Quarter 1 2025, while exports of services rose by an estimated £3.9 billion (2.9%).

Imports of goods from the EU increased by £2.4 billion (3.1%) in Quarter 2 (Apr to June) 2025 compared with Quarter 1 (Jan to Mar) 2025. This was primarily because of a £1.4 billion increase in chemical imports and a £1.3 billion rise in imports of machinery and transport equipment (Figure 7). These rises were partially offset by a £0.7 billion fall in fuel imports. The rise in chemical imports was primarily because of increased imports of medicinal and pharmaceutical products from Spain, Ireland and France. The increase in imports of machinery and transport equipment was because of higher imports of cars from Germany and mechanical power generators (intermediate) from France.

Imports from non-EU countries remained unchanged in Quarter 2 2025. This was because a £2.6 billion decrease in fuel imports and smaller falls in other commodities were offset by a £2.4 billion rise in imports of machinery and transport equipment and a £0.4 billion rise in imports of material manufactures. The fall in fuel imports was because of reduced imports of gas from Norway and the United States. The rise in imports of machinery and transport equipment was because of increases in imports of mechanical power generators (intermediate) from the United States and ships from China.

Exports to the EU increased by £1.5 billion (3.6%) in Quarter 2 2025, primarily because of a £1.2 billion rise in exports of machinery and transport equipment, along with smaller rises in several other commodities. The increase in exports of machinery and transport equipment was linked to a rise in exports of mechanical power generators (intermediate) to France and ships to Greece.

Exports to non-EU countries decreased by £4.9 billion (9.9%) in Quarter 2 2025, primarily because of a £3.8 billion fall in exports of material manufactures. There was also a £0.8 billion decrease in exports of chemicals, and £0.5 billion falls in exports of fuels and miscellaneous manufactures. These decreases were partially offset by a £0.9 billion rise in exports of machinery and transport equipment. The decrease in material manufactures exports was primarily because of a fall in exports of non-ferrous metals to the United States. The decrease in chemical exports was linked to decreases in exports of medicinal and pharmaceutical products to the United States and Brazil.

Exports to the United States fell by £4.7 billion in Quarter 2 2025, following the implementation of trade tariffs on imports of goods to the United States in April 2025. More detail on the UK's trade in goods with the United States can be found in Section 3: UK trade with the United States.

Figure 7: Exports of material manufactures to non-EU countries fell in Quarter 2 2025

Changes in imports and exports by goods commodity group, excluding unspecified goods, current prices, seasonally adjusted, Quarter 2 (Apr to Jun) 2025 compared with Quarter 1 (Jan to Mar) 2025

Early estimates indicate that imports of services decreased by £0.2 billion (0.2%) in Quarter 2 (Apr to June) 2025, compared with Quarter 1 (Jan to Mar) 2025. This decrease was because of a £0.7 billion fall in imports of travel services, a £0.6 billion fall in imports of other business services, and a £0.4 billion fall in imports of insurance and pension services (Figure 8). These falls were mostly offset by a £0.4 billion increase in imports of transport services, and smaller rises in imports of all other service types.

Exports of services increased by £3.9 billion (2.9%) in Quarter 2 2025, primarily because of a £2.0 billion rise in exports of other business services, a £1.1 billion rise in exports of financial services, and a £0.4 billion rise in exports of travel services.

For trade in services for Quarter 2 2025, International Trade in Services (ITIS) survey figures are forecast using time series data; this forecast is combined with additional data sources to estimate trade in services totals. This forecast will be revised in our GDP quarterly national accounts bulletin, publishing on 30 September, using ITIS survey data.

The total goods and services trade deficit, excluding precious metals, widened by £1.7 billion to £9.2 billion in Quarter 2 (Apr to June) 2025 compared with Quarter 1 (Jan to Mar) 2025 (Figure 9). Imports rose by £2.2 billion over this period, and exports rose by £0.5 billion. When removing the effect of inflation, the total trade deficit, excluding precious metals, widened slightly by £0.1 billion to £19.6 billion.

The trade in goods deficit in value terms, excluding precious metals, widened by £5.8 billion to £61.1 billion in Quarter 2 2025, as goods imports rose while exports fell. The trade in services surplus is estimated to have widened by £4.1 billion to £51.9 billion, as exports of services rose while imports fell.

Explore the 2024 trade in goods data using our interactive tools. Our data break down UK trade in goods with 236 countries by 122 commodities.

Use our map to get a better understanding of what goods the UK traded with a country. Select a country by hovering over it (desktop only) or use the drop-down menu.

Notes:

1. For more information about our methods and how we compile these statistics, see our Trade in goods, country-by-commodity experimental data: 2011 to 2016 article. Users should note that the data published alongside this release are official statistics and no longer in development.

2. These data are our best estimate of these bilateral UK trade flows. Users should note that alternative estimates are available, in some cases, through the statistical agencies for bilateral countries or through central databases, such as United Nations (UN) Comtrade.

3. This interactive map denotes country boundaries in accordance with statistical classifications set out in Appendix 4 of the Balance of Payments (BoP) Vademecum (PDF, 4.2MB) and do not represent the UK policy on disputed territories.

You can also explore the 2024 trade in goods data by commodity, such as car exports to the EU, and UK tea or coffee imports.

Select a commodity from the drop-down menu or select the levels with your digit or cursor to explore the data.

Notes:

1. For more information about our methods and how we compile these statistics, see our Trade in goods, country-by-commodity experimental data: 2011 to 2016 article. Users should note that the data published alongside this release are official statistics and no longer in development.
2. These data are our best estimate of these bilateral UK trade flows. Users should note that alternative estimates are available, in some cases, through the statistical agencies for bilateral countries or through central databases, such as United Nations (UN) Comtrade.
3. These interactive charts denote country boundaries in accordance with statistical classifications set out within Appendix 4 of the Balance of Payments (BoP) Vademecum (PDF, 4.2MB) and does not represent the UK policy on disputed territories.

In accordance with the National Accounts Revisions Policy, the data in this release have been revised from April 2025 to May 2025 for both goods and services.

HMRC revisions to Mechanical Appliances

HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) have made revisions to imports and exports of Chapter 84 Mechanical Appliances from August 2024 to May 2025, following an in-depth quality assurance review. Further detail will be available in the HMRC Overseas Trade in Goods Statistics (OTS) release from 9.30am on 14 August.

These revisions affect 71MI Mechanical power generators (Intermediate) in ONS' UK trade data. In accordance with the National Accounts Revisions Policy, estimates have been revised for April and May 2025. The impact of this revision on net trade in Quarter 2 (Apr to June) 2025 was an increase of £1.4 billion.

Revisions for the period August 2024 to March 2025 will be applied in our GDP quarterly national accounts, UK: April to June 2025 release on 30 September 2025 and Blue Book 2025 publication. There will be a discontinuity in the series for 71MI Mechanical power generators (intermediate) and related totals until our UK trade: August release is published on 16 October 2025. We therefore advise caution when interpreting these data.

Chained volume measures

Chained volume measures (CVMs) are a "real" measure in that they have had the effect of inflation removed to measure the change in volume between consecutive periods, fixing the prices of goods and services in one period (known as the base year, which is 2022 for trade).

Current price measures

Current price estimates (CPs) measure the actual price paid for goods or services and are not adjusted for inflation. Unless otherwise stated, all current price data are provided in £ million and are seasonally adjusted.

Inflation

Inflation is the change in the average price level of goods and services over a period of time.

Implied deflators

An implied deflator (IDEF) shows the implied change in average prices for the respective components of the trade balance, for example, the IDEF for imports will show the average price movement for imports.

Precious metals and non-monetary gold

Precious metals include non-monetary gold, silver, platinum and palladium. The category forms part of the commodity group "unspecified goods". Non-monetary gold comprises the majority of this group and is the technical term for gold bullion not owned by central banks.

Trade balance

The trade balance is the difference between exports and imports or exports minus imports. When the value of exports is greater than the value of imports, the trade balance is in surplus. When the value of imports is greater than the value of exports, the trade balance is in deficit. The balance is sometimes referred to as "net exports".

A full Glossary of economic terms is available.

The UK leaving the EU and the subsequent transition period, along with the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, supply chain disruption and global recession, have caused higher levels of volatility in trade statistics in recent years. The monthly analysis shows short-term trade movements, but it is important to note that monthly data can be erratic, and therefore movements should be treated with caution.

Data collection changes

Since the UK left the EU on 31 January 2020, the arrangements for how the UK trades with the EU changed.

HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) implemented some data collection changes following Brexit, which affected statistics on UK trade in goods with the EU. We have made adjustments to our estimates of goods imports from the EU in 2021 and 2022 to account for these changes, however, a structural break remains in the full time series for goods imports from and exports to the EU from January 2021.

We therefore advise caution when interpreting and drawing conclusions from these statistics. Our Impact of trade in goods data collection changes on UK trade statistics: summary of adjustments and the structural break from 2021 article provides more detail.

Data sources

Data from HMRC make up over 90% of trade in goods value and are the main source for this release. Data from the quarterly International Trade in Services (ITIS) survey make up over 50% of trade in services data. View our UK trade Quality and Methodology Information (QMI) for more detail. 

Data from the International Passenger Survey (IPS) are the main source for travel services, historically making up around 8% of total imports. The survey has now fully resumed following the suspension in 2020. View our UK trade Quality and Methodology Information (QMI) for more detail.

Unless otherwise specified, data within this bulletin are in current prices and have not been adjusted to remove the effects of inflation. In line with international standards, our headline trade statistics contain the UK's exports and imports of non-monetary gold. More information can be found in our National Accounts article: A brief explanation of non-monetary gold in national accounts.

Method

Trade is measured through both exports and imports of goods and services. Data are supplied by over 30 sources, including several administrative sources, with HMRC being the largest for trade in goods.

Our UK trade figures are produced using country of dispatch, which records imports as coming from the country dispatching the shipments. However, trade figures can also be produced using country of origin, as is used by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ). Users should be aware of the different accounting methods used and the resulting differences across trade figures.

Monthly trade in services data are taken from quarterly trade in services data and are split across the months within that quarter through estimation. In months where we have a full quarter's data, we revise previous estimates of monthly values within that quarter.

View more detailed information about the methods used to produce UK trade statistics in our UK trade methodology.

Allocation of non-ferrous metals

We receive data on UK trade in goods primarily through customs declarations from HMRC. HMRC measures trade on a cross-border movement basis. We measure trade on an economic-ownership basis, which is where ownership changes but cross-border movement has not necessarily occurred.

To measure trade in non-monetary gold and other precious metals on an economic ownership basis, we supplement the HMRC data with data from the Bank of England.

Our headline trade statistics contain the UK's exports and imports of non-monetary gold, in line with international standards. More information can be found in our National Accounts article: A brief explanation of non-monetary gold in national accounts.

The commodity group of material manufactures includes non-ferrous metals such as silver, palladium, copper, aluminium, tin, and others. These materials are mainly used in manufacturing. They are subject to adjustments that account for trade where economic ownership has changed, but cross-border movement has not occurred.

We are currently reviewing our methodology for the allocation of non-ferrous metals, to ensure that we capture all trade of non-ferrous metals where these commodities are traded as a financial asset.

Pausing of producer prices publications

Business prices data with corrected chain linking methods have been used in our monthly UK trade data for producer price indices (PPI), import prices indices (IPI) and export price indices (EPI) from January 2025 onwards. Correctly chain linked service producer price indices (SPPI) have been included in our UK trade data from April 2025 onwards.

The full implementation of updated business prices data will be managed in line with the National Accounts Revision Policy, with the full time series update being included in our GDP quarterly national accounts, UK: April to June 2025 release on 30 September 2025 and Blue Book 2025 publication.

Further information on the chain linking error in the producer prices dataset are detailed in our Methods update for Producer Price Indices (PPI) and Service Produce Prices Indices (SPPI) published on 10 July 2025.

Strengths and limitations

National Statistics designation status

The UK Statistics Authority suspended the National Statistics designation of UK trade (PDF, 72.9KB)on 14 November 2014. We have responded to all of the specific requirements of the Office for Statistics Regulation's (OSR) reassessment of UK trade. As part of our engagement with the OSR team, we are sharing our continuous improvement and development plans to support UK trade statistics regaining Accredited official statistics status. We welcome feedback on our new trade statistics, developments, and future plans by email to trade@ons.gov.uk.

Trade asymmetries

Asymmetries can be caused by a range of conceptual and measurement variations between the estimation practices of different countries. Statistical agencies are likely to have different source data, estimation methods, and methodological, geographical, and definitional differences. HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) publishes more information on UK trade asymmetries. We publish analysis on trade in services asymmetries in our Asymmetries in trade data articles.

More quality and methodology information on strengths, limitations, appropriate uses, and how the data were created is available in our UK Trade QMI.