Producer price inflation, UK: October 2025

• Producer input prices rose by 0.5% in the year to October 2025, down from a revised rise of 0.7% in the year to September.

• Producer output (factory gate) prices rose by 3.6% in the year to October 2025, up from a revised rise of 3.5% in the year to September.

• On a monthly basis, producer input prices fell by 0.3% and producer output (factory gate) prices showed no movement in October 2025.

• The Import Price Index (IPI) rose by 0.7% in the year to October 2025.

Producer input prices rose by 0.5% in the year to October 2025. This is down from a revised increase of 0.7% in the year to September (Figure 1). Monthly input prices fell by 0.3% in October 2025, following a fall of 0.1% in September (Table 1). Producer output (factory gate) prices rose by 3.6% in the year to October 2025. This is up from a revised increase of 3.5% in the year to September (Figure 1). Monthly output prices showed no movement in October 2025, which is unchanged from September (Table 1).

Estimates for both September and October 2025 are provisional. Figures for the latest 12 months are subject to revisions as additional survey data are returned and validated. Effective response rates at the time of first publishing can be found in Section 7: Data sources and quality

The largest contribution to the annual input producer price inflation rate was a downward contribution from inputs of crude oil, where prices fell 18.1% over the past year. The largest contribution to the annual output producer price inflation rate was an upward contribution from outputs of food products, where prices rose by 4.6% over the past year.

Of the 10 product groups for the input Producer Price Index (PPI), 8 made upward contributions to the annual inflation rate in October 2025. The largest of these came from:

• inputs of domestic food
• inputs of metals and non-metallic mineral products.

The prices of inputs of domestic food rose by 4.2% in the year to October 2025, compared with a rise of 4.0% in the year to September (Table 2). The price of imported food saw a smaller 1.1% increase over the same period.

The prices of inputs of metals and non-metallic mineral products rose by 2.6% in the year to October 2025, compared with a rise of 2.2% in the year to September (Table 2).

The largest offsetting downward contribution to the annual inflation rate came from inputs of crude oil, which also provided the largest contribution to the change in the annual inflation rate between September and October 2025. The prices of inputs of crude oil fell by 18.1% in the year to October 2025, compared with a fall of 12.3% in the year to September (Table 2), and by 6.5% in the latest month.

The Import Price Index (prices of materials and fuels imported by UK manufacturers) rose by 0.7% in the year to October 2025, up from a revised rise of 0.5% in the year to September. On a monthly basis, prices rose by 0.2% in October 2025, following a fall of 0.1% in September. The Sterling index fell 0.6% between September and October and fell 0.5% in the year to October 2025 (Table 3).

Of the 10 product groups for the output Producer Price Index (PPI), 9 made upward contributions to the annual inflation rate in October 2025. The largest of these came from:

• outputs of food products

• outputs of motor vehicles and other transport equipment

Prices for food products rose by 4.6% in the year to October 2025, unchanged from the previous month (Table 4).

Prices for motor vehicles and other transport equipment rose by 6.6% in the year to October 2025, compared with a rise of 6.5% in the year to September (Table 4).

The only offsetting downward contribution to the annual inflation rate came from outputs of coke and refined petroleum products. Prices for these products fell by 1.4% in the year to October 2025, compared with a fall of 2.6% in the year to September (Table 4).

Basic Metals, fabricated metal products and machinery provided the largest contribution to the change in the annual inflation rate between September and October 2025. Prices for this product group rose by 4.1% in the year to October 2025, compared with a rise of 3.5% in the year to September (Table 4).

Input prices

The price of materials and fuels bought by UK manufacturers for processing. It includes materials and fuels that are either imported or sourced from within the domestic market. It is not limited to materials used in the final product but includes what is required by businesses in their normal day-to-day running, such as fuels.

Output prices

The amount received by UK producers for the goods that they sell to the domestic market, also known as factory gate prices. It includes the margin that businesses make on goods, in addition to costs, such as labour, raw materials and energy, as well as interest on loans, site or building maintenance, or rent.

Index value

Price level in a specific basket of goods.

Producer price inflation

Changes in the prices of goods bought and sold by UK manufacturers, including price indices of materials and fuels purchased (input prices) and factory gate prices (output prices). If the producer price inflation rate is a positive value, this indicates that prices have risen, while a negative value indicates prices have fallen.

Services producer price inflation

Quarterly estimates monitoring the changes in prices charged for services provided to UK-based customers for a range of industries.

Weight

This is the importance of the price of interest relative to other prices collected. With annual chain-linking, this is updated every year, using business turnover data.

Contribution

As the aggregate producer prices indices are built up from individual product indices, it is possible to decompose overall inflation into contributions from different products. Those contributions reflect both the inflation rates for each product and their weight in the index.

For information on the strengths and limitations of the data, methods used, and the data uses and users, please see our Producer Price Indices (PPI) quality and methodology information (QMI) report and our Services Producer Price Indices (SPPI) QMI report.

Suspension of our producer price statistics

On 22 October 2025, we recommenced the publication of PPI and SPPI data. This followed a period of reviewing, correcting and quality assuring the index weights and chain-linking methodology after we discovered an error in our method in March 2025, which resulted in a pause in publication.

More about the corrections that have been applied is available in our Impact of correction to chain-linking methodology used in PPI and SPPI article. This article also provides a summary of how these corrections have affected our previously published data and the narrative in PPI and SPPI data since 2014.

Historic data

We have completed the investigation with our suppliers regarding some historic data issues relating to Inputs of Fuel (which covers electricity and gas (D35), and coal (B05), according to Eurostat's classification of products by activity), during early 2024. We have recalculated the affected indices, incorporating revised data received from the supplier for the periods January to March 2024. There is no impact on indices either before or after this period. This had minimal impact on the published figures for the Inputs of Fuel index and related indices in the Input PPI series (as the electricity and gas input feeds into our "Inputs into the Production of" indices). We will now continue with our regular revisions policy (figures for the latest 12 months are subject to revisions as additional survey data are returned and validated).

Response rates

In October 2025, the response rate for the domestic PPI was lower than it was in October 2024, whereas the response rates for the Import Price Index (IPI) and Export Price Index (EPI) were higher (Table 5).

Dataset format

Following guidance from our 2024 user engagement exercise, we have rationalised the datasets that we produce to accompany this bulletin. This rationalisation has resulted in a single dataset format, which is used for both producer price inflation (for PPI) and services producer price inflation (for SPPI). The datasets will continue to be produced in Excel format with the following worksheets: 

• Cover sheet 

• Notes 

• Description 

• Index

Description worksheet details

The Description worksheet includes a list of all indices included in the dataset, detailing: 

• CDID - an alphanumeric code, four characters in length, which is our Central Database Identifier. This is a unique identifier for the index 

• CSDB index - a 10-digit integer, which is an alternate unique identifier that has been included in previous datasets 

• CPA 2.1 - an alphanumeric code, of variable length, which corresponds to the Eurostat Classification of Products by Activity framework, version 2.1 

• index category - a text string, used to group related indices; for PPI, this is used to indicate headline indices, and classify indices as being input, output, import or export 

• index description - a text string, describing the index 

• index basis - a text string, describing the basis upon which the index is calculated, which indicates whether the underlying prices include or exclude taxes, duties and other levies (such as Value Added Tax (VAT), the Aggregates Levy and the Climate Change Levy) 

• time series URL - a text string, which acts as a link into the related timeseries data on the Office for National Statistics (ONS) website 

Index worksheet details 

This is a list of the index values and inflation rates for selected indices, detailing:

• bulletin period - a text string, representing the date in the format YYYY-MM; this indicates the latest period for which data are recorded in the dataset and corresponds with the period covered by the related bulletin, for example, for our September 2025 bulletin, this value will be "2025-09"

• data period - a text string, representing the date in the format YYYY-MM; this is the date to which the collected price data correspond

• CDID - an alphanumeric code, four characters in length, which is the same as the CDID detailed in the "Description" worksheet

• index value - a decimal, to 1 decimal place, recording the calculated index value as it relates to the data period

• inflation rate (1-month) - a percentage, given to one decimal place, recording the calculated monthly inflation rate, as it relates to the data period

• inflation rate (12-month) - a percentage, given to one decimal place, recording the calculated annual inflation rate, as it relates to the data period

• provisional marker - "P" for provisional months, blank otherwise

• revision marker - "R" for months in which the index value differs from that previously published, blank otherwise

• publication marker - an alphanumeric code, one character in length, which details whether the data are subject to statistical disclosure control