Private rent and house prices, UK: April 2024

• Average UK private rents increased by 9.2% in the 12 months to March 2024 (provisional estimate), up from 9.0% in the 12 months to February 2024.

• In the 12 months to March 2024, average monthly rents increased to £1,285 (9.1%) in England, £727 (9.0%) in Wales and £947 (10.5%) in Scotland.

• In the 12 months to January 2024, average rents increased by 10.1% in Northern Ireland.

• In England, private rent inflation in the 12 months to March 2024 was highest in London (11.2%) and lowest in the North East (6.1%).

• In Great Britain, the average private rent was highest in Kensington and Chelsea (£3,305) and lowest in Dumfries and Galloway (£475).

• Average UK house prices decreased by 0.2% in the 12 months to February 2024 (provisional estimate), up from a decrease of 1.3% (revised estimate) in the 12 months to January 2024.

Average UK private rent increased by 9.2% in the 12 months to March 2024 (provisional estimate). This was up from 9.0% in the 12 months to February 2024 (revised estimate) and represents the highest annual percentage change since this UK data series began in January 2015.

UK monthly rent estimates for the latest two months and UK HPI estimates for the latest 12 months are provisional and subject to revision. All statistics are non-seasonally adjusted estimates, unless explicitly stated otherwise. 

Average UK house prices decreased 0.2% (provisional estimate) in the 12 months to February 2024, to £281,000. This was up from a decrease of 1.3% in the 12 months to January 2024 (revised estimate).

In the 12 months to February 2024, average house prices decreased in England to £298,000 (negative 1.1%), decreased in Wales to £211,000 (negative 1.2%) and increased in Scotland to £188,000 (5.6%). Average house prices increased by 1.4% to £178,000 in the year to Quarter 4 (Oct to Dec) 2023 in Northern Ireland.

The rise in Scotland’s annual inflation rate in recent months is more reflective of Scotland’s average house price falling this time last year, rather than increasing in recent months. This is known as a base effect, as explained in our Beware base effects blog. Scotland's average house price fell in winter 2022 to 2023, reaching a low point in February 2023. Scotland's average house price returned to mid-2022 price levels by mid-2023 and has since remained comparatively stable.

The full UK House Price Index report and monthly data are published by HM Land Registry.

Our new local housing statistics tool summarises the latest private rents and house price statistics for local areas.

Since the Price Index of Private Rents (PIPR) measures rent price changes of the entire privately-rented stock, changes in new-let annual inflation from supply and demand pressures take time to be reflected in PIPR. For more information, see our Measuring the UK housing market blog post.

In their March 2024 UK Residential Market Survey, the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) reported rising tenant demand and, for the 20th consecutive month, declining volume of new landlord instructions. Because of this imbalance, their respondents continue to expect rents to rise over the coming months.

The average private rent in Great Britain was £1,246 in March 2024, which is £104 (9.1%) higher than 12 months ago.

England

Average private rent for England was £1,285 in March 2024, up 9.1% (£107) from a year earlier. This is the highest annual rise since this series began in 2006 and was up from 8.8% in February 2024.

Wales

Average private rent for Wales was £727 in March 2024, up 9.0% (£60) from a year earlier. This annual rise was unchanged from the 12 months to February 2024, but remains below Wales's record-high annual rise of 9.8% in November 2023, which was the highest annual rise since this series began in 2010.

Scotland

Average private rent for Scotland was £947 in March 2024, up 10.5% (£90) from a year earlier. This was down from an annual increase of 10.9% in February 2024. Scotland's annual inflation rate has been generally slowing since the record-high annual rise of 11.8% in August 2023, which was the highest annual rise since this series began in 2012.

Rising annual inflation between late-2021 and mid-2023, followed by a slight ease in annual inflation, is likely to reflect recent changes in annual inflation for new lets that are not subject to the price cap. Because of data collection limitations, Scotland rents data (underlying the Price Index of Private Rents's (PIPR's) stock measure) are mainly for advertised new lets, which were not subject to Scotland's in-tenancy price-increase cap and are not subject to temporary changes to the Rent Adjudication system. We advise users to bear this in mind when interpreting estimates for Scotland and comparing with other UK countries (see Section 9: Measuring the data).

Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland data are currently available up to January 2024. Average private rent in Northern Ireland increased by 10.1% in the 12 months to January 2024, up from 9.3% in December 2023. This is the highest annual rise since this series began in 2016.

London was the English region with the highest annual rents inflation in the 12 months to March 2024, at 11.2%. This was up from 10.6% in February 2024, and represents the highest annual percentage change since this series began in January 2006. London’s rising annual inflation rate was driven by high rent growth in Brent. More information is available in Section 9: Measuring the data.

Annual rents inflation was lowest in the North East, at 6.1% in March 2024. This was up from 5.7% in February 2024, and represents the joint-highest annual percentage change since this series began in January 2006.

In March 2024, the average monthly private rent was highest in London (£2,055) and lowest in the North East (£662).

There was a varied distribution in average monthly private rents across local authorities in England and Wales, and Broad Rental Market Areas in Scotland.

In March 2024, the average private rent was highest in Kensington and Chelsea, London (£3,305), and lowest in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland (£475). Excluding London, the local area with the highest average private rent in March 2024 was the City of Bristol, South West (£1,748).

Figure 6: Average rent was £2,830 higher in the most expensive local area than in the least expensive

Average private rent and annual inflation, local authorities in England and Wales and Broad Rental Market Areas in Scotland, January 2015 to March 2024

Notes:

1. Values of [x] in this table represent data which are not available. For instance, there is no annual change in 2015 because there are no data in 2014 to compare with.

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For Great Britain in March 2024, the average private rent was highest for detached properties (£1,446) and lowest for flats and maisonettes (£1,211). Average private rent was highest for properties with four or more bedrooms (£1,912) and lowest for properties with one bedroom (£995).

Figure 7: Private rent increases with property size

Average private rent, local authorities in England and Wales and Broad Rental Market Areas in Scotland, March 2024

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Administrative data

Data that are already collected for other purposes through day-to-day activities. Examples include health records or social security payments.

Annual percentage change

The rate at which prices rise and fall over a 12-month period. Interchangeable with "annual inflation" (or "annual growth", if positive).

Private rent and house price inflation

Inflation is the rate at which prices (for renting or purchasing property) rise and fall over time.

Non-seasonally adjusted

A non-seasonally adjusted series is one that includes seasonal or calendar effects.

On 20 March 2024, the new, monthly Private rent and house prices, UK bulletin replaced the UK House Price Index (UK HPI) bulletin, the Index of Private Housing Rental Prices (IPHRP) bulletin and the Private rental market summary statistics in England (PRMS) bulletin. This new release uses the Price Index of Private Rents (PIPR) to provide more insight into the UK private rental sector and includes headline UK HPI statistics.

UK House Price Index

The full UK House Price Index (HPI) report and monthly data are published by HM Land Registry, with additional UK HPI reports available on Registers of Scotland's and Land and Property Services Northern Ireland's websites.

In recent periods, the total transaction volumes and new build volumes available to calculate UK HPI estimates for recent months have been lower than historically. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) and HM Land Registry (HMLR) are working to resolve this.

In March and April 2024, UK HPI estimates were revised from January 2021 onwards by making use of price data processed outside the UK HPI's normal 12-month revision period. Users should be aware that revisions may be larger than usual and should note the significantly greater uncertainty around new build prices. UK HPI will now return to the usual 12-month revision period for future releases. Further information is available on HMLR's website.

Further information on data sources, revision policy, methods and quality is available in HMLR's UK HPI guidance.

Separately, we publish House price data: quarterly tables and House price data: annual tables, which include simple average house and mortgage price statistics, based on a sub-sample of Regulated Mortgage Survey data.

Price Index of Private Rents

PIPR's statistics are available from January 2015 onwards on a monthly basis and uses January 2023 as the base year for indexing.

By chain-linking the IPHRP (pre-2015) and PIPR (2015 onward) indices together, we have published a full historical series for the UK, Great Britain, its countries and English regions. Series begin in January 2005 for England, January 2009 for Wales, January 2011 for Scotland, and January 2015 for Northern Ireland and the UK. We advise caution when comparing pre-2015 trends with later estimates because of the methodology change in January 2015.

Sources for Price Index of Private Rents

The PIPR and the IPHRP use the same administrative rent price data. The PIPR also uses administrative property attributes data. More detail is available in our Quality assurance of administrative data used in the PIPR methodology.

Data collection for Price Index of Private Rents

Annually, over 450,000 private rent prices are collected in England and around 30,000 in Wales, 40,000 in Scotland, and 15,000 in Northern Ireland.

In England and Wales, achieved rents data are collected for both new and existing tenancies. Rent Officers receive a notification 12 months after a property's last update, supporting their aims to revisit properties.

Data collection volumes for Brent have been high in recent months. This means that a large proportion of data for Brent are from recent months. Since UK rents have been rising at a record-high pace for more than a year, this has led to a sharp increase in the estimated rent price for Brent recently.

In Northern Ireland, rents data are for newly-advertised lets.

Scotland rents data are predominantly for advertised new lets, with only a small proportion based on existing lets data. Therefore, price changes for existing tenancies are largely estimated for Scotland.

The Cost of Living (Tenant Protection) Scotland Act capped in-tenancy rent price increases at 0% (and up to 3% in certain circumstances) from September 2022 until 31 March 2023. Between 1 April 2023 and 31 March 2024, this rent price-increase cap was 3% (and up to 6% in certain circumstances). From 1 April 2024, temporary changes to the rent adjudication system restricts rent increases for existing tenants who apply for rent adjudication.

These caps and restrictions will not be reflected in the price of new lets used to estimate the price of existing tenancies. Scottish Government statisticians believe that the lack of data on existing tenants benefitting from rent controls, and changes to the Rent Adjudication system, will lead to over-estimation in stock prices and indices for Scotland since late 2022.

Revision Policy for Price Index of Private Rents

Northern Ireland rents data are not available for the latest two months. To produce provisional UK statistics, Great Britain's inflation rate for the latest two months has been used to estimate Northern Ireland's inflation rate in this period.

Each subsequent month, updated Northern Ireland data are used to revise estimates for the UK. This means that there is a two-month revision period for the UK series in PIPR.

Strengths

The Price Index of Private Rents (PIPR) reflects price changes for all privately-rented properties (including for existing tenancies), not only changes for newly-advertised lets.

PIPR replaced the Index of Private Housing Rental Prices (IPHRP) and Private Rental Market Summary Statistics (PRMS) in March 2024. PIPR produces rent prices that are comparable over time (unlike PRMS) and publishes at increased geographic granularity than IPHRP.

Limitations

While mitigation efforts are made, price changes at local levels can be influenced by the type and number of properties collected in any given period, which may lead to volatility. Longer-term trends should be considered for lower-level geographic breakdowns, rather than monthly movements.

Estimates for the City of London and Isles of Scilly are not published because of low collection volumes.

Because of differences in data collection and housing policy, caution is advised when comparing Scotland's estimates with other areas in England and Wales and within Scotland. More information is available in our PIPR Quality and Methodology Information (QMI).

We aim to include Northern Ireland in the Price Index of Private Rents (PIPR) in March 2025. Until then, we will continue to use Index of Private Housing Rental Prices (IPHRP) methodology for Northern Ireland's private rental price statistics, and Verian (previously Kantar) data for Northern Ireland's consumer price statistics.

PIPR data are currently available from January 2015 to present. We are investigating the feasibility of extending the time-series back further.

For queries or feedback, contact hpi@ons.gov.uk.