/visualisations/censusareachanges/E07000226/

The population reached nearly 120,000

Between the last two censuses (held in 2011 and 2021), the population of Crawley increased by 11.2%, from around 106,600 in 2011 to around 118,500 in 2021.

The population here increased by a greater percentage than the overall population of the South East (7.5%), and by a greater percentage than the overall population of England (up 6.6% since the 2011 Census).

In 2021, Crawley was home to around 18.8 people per football pitch-sized piece of land, compared with 16.9 in 2011. This area was among the top 25% most densely populated English local authority areas at the last census.

This article generally uses percentages to enable comparisons over time and between areas. The percentage point change is also used to show the difference between the 2011 and 2021 percentages.

Population growth was higher in Crawley than across the South East

Percentage population change, Crawley and surrounding areas, 2011 Census to Census 2021
England ▲6.6% South East ▲7.5% Crawley ▲11.2%
-2-0.50.5+2+8+16%

Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021

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Median age increased

Between the last two censuses, the average (median) age of Crawley increased by two years, from 35 to 37 years of age.

This area had a lower average (median) age than the South East as a whole in 2021 (41 years) and a lower average (median) age than England (40 years).

The median age is the age of the person in the middle of the group, meaning that one half of the group is younger than that person and the other half is older.

The number of people aged 50 to 64 years rose by around 3,600 (an increase of 20.8%), while the number of residents between 75 and 84 years fell by around 550 (11.0% decrease).

The share of residents aged between 50 and 64 years increased by 1.4 percentage points between 2011 and 2021

Percentage of usual residents by age group,
0%
2011
2021


comparisons
Classification 2011_Crawley_% 2021_Crawley_% 2011_South East_% 2021_South East_% 2011_England_%2021_England_% Percentage in Crawley Percentage in undefined
85 years and over 1.9 2.0 2.5 2.7 2.2 2.4 1.9%
2.0%
75 to 84 years 4.8 3.9 5.8 6.5 5.5 6.1 4.8%
3.9%
65 to 74 years 5.9 7.5 8.8 10.2 8.6 9.8 5.9%
7.5%
50 to 64 years 16.2 17.7 18.5 19.8 18.1 19.4 16.2%
17.7%
35 to 49 years 22.3 22.4 21.7 19.7 21.3 19.4 22.3%
22.4%
25 to 34 years 17.1 15.7 12.4 12.4 13.5 13.6 17.1%
15.7%
20 to 24 years 6.4 5.5 6.2 5.6 6.8 6.0 6.4%
5.5%
16 to 19 years 4.7 4.3 5.0 4.5 5.1 4.6 4.7%
4.3%
10 to 15 years 7.0 7.8 7.2 7.3 7.0 7.2 7.0%
7.8%
5 to 9 years 6.1 6.8 5.7 6.0 5.6 5.9 6.1%
6.8%
4 years and under 7.6 6.4 6.2 5.3 6.3 5.4 7.6%
6.4%

Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021

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Family in Crawley

The percentage of households including a couple with dependent children increased in Crawley, but fell across the South East.

In Crawley, the percentage of households including a couple with dependent children rose from 21.7% in 2011 to 22.7% in 2021. During the same period, the regional percentage fell from 21.0% to 20.6%.

The percentage of households including a couple without children in Crawley fell from 16.3% to 15.6%, while the percentage of households including a couple with only non-dependent children increased from 6.2% to 6.9%.

The percentage of households including a couple with dependent children in Crawley increased by 1.0 percentage points

Percentage of households by household composition,
0%
2011
2021


comparisons
Classification 2011_Crawley_% 2021_Crawley_% 2011_South East_% 2021_South East_% 2011_England_%2021_England_% Percentage in Crawley Percentage in undefined
One-person household: Aged 66 years and over (Aged 65 years and over in 2011) 10.5 10.1 12.7 13.2 12.4 12.8 10.5%
10.1%
One-person household: Other 17.9 15.2 16.1 15.2 17.9 17.3 17.9%
15.2%
Single-family household: Cohabiting-couple family: No children 16.3 15.6 18.7 17.4 17.6 16.8 16.3%
15.6%
Single-family household: Cohabiting-couple family: With dependent children 21.7 22.7 21.0 20.6 19.3 18.9 21.7%
22.7%
Single-family household: Cohabiting-couple family: All children non-dependent 6.2 6.9 6.0 6.5 6.1 6.3 6.2%
6.9%
Single-family household: Lone-parent household 11.4 12.4 9.2 9.7 10.6 11.1 11.4%
12.4%
Other household types 16.0 17.1 16.3 17.4 16.1 16.9 16.0%
17.1%

Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021

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Crawley residents' country of birth

In the latest census, around 84,900 Crawley residents said they were born in England. This represented 71.6% of the local population. The figure has risen from just over 82,500 in 2011, which at the time represented 77.4% of Crawley's population.

India was the next most represented, with around 3,700 Crawley residents reporting this country of birth (3.1%). This figure was up from just under 2,700 in 2011, which at the time represented 2.5% of the population of Crawley.

The number of Crawley residents born in South and Eastern African countries (other than Kenya, Somalia, South Africa and Zimbabwe) rose from just over 2,200 in 2011 (2.1% of the local population) to around 2,700 in 2021 (2.3%).

In 2021, 71.6% of Crawley residents reported their country of birth as England

Percentage of usual residents by country of birth,
0%
2011
2021


comparisons
Classification 2011_Crawley_% 2021_Crawley_% 2011_South East_% 2021_South East_% 2011_England_%2021_England_% Percentage in Crawley Percentage in undefined
England 77.4 71.6 84.8 81.7 83.5 80.3 77.4%
71.6%
India 2.5 3.1 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.6 2.5%
3.1%
South and Eastern Africa (other than Kenya, Somalia, South Africa and Zimbabwe) 2.1 2.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 2.1%
2.3%
Pakistan 1.9 2.2 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.9%
2.2%
Romania 0.2 2.2 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.9 0.2%
2.2%

Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021
Notes:
  1. This chart shows the five most common countries of birth in Crawley in 2021
  2. Please see the data dictionary for further detail on country of birth groupings

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People looking after their family or home in Crawley

Crawley saw the South East's joint third-largest percentage-point rise (alongside Dartford) in the proportion of people who were economically inactive because they were looking after their family or home (from 4.5% in 2011 to 5.4% in 2021).

Across the region, only Slough (from 6.2% to 7.9%) and Eastbourne (from 3.2% to 4.3%) saw a greater increase in the percentage of people who were economically inactive because they were looking after their family or home.

Census 2021 took place during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, a period of rapid and unparalleled change; the national lockdown, associated guidance and furlough measures will have affected the labour market and our ability to measure it.

The percentage of people aged 16 years and over who were looking after their family or home (economically inactive) in Crawley increased by 0.9 percentage points

Percentage of usual residents aged 16 years and over by economic activity status,
0%
2011
2021


comparisons
Classification 2011_Crawley_% 2021_Crawley_% 2011_South East_% 2021_South East_% 2011_England_%2021_England_% Percentage in Crawley Percentage in undefined
Economically active (excluding full-time students): In employment 63.7 61.5 59.0 57.6 56.5 55.7 63.7%
61.5%
Economically active (excluding full-time students): Unemployed 4.1 4.4 3.1 2.5 4.0 2.9 4.1%
4.4%
Economically active and a full-time student: In employment 2.2 1.4 2.4 1.6 2.4 1.7 2.2%
1.4%
Economically active and a full-time student: Unemployed 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.6%
0.6%
Economically inactive: Retired 16.6 15.7 21.8 22.5 21.2 21.5 16.6%
15.7%
Economically inactive: Student 3.1 4.1 4.7 5.1 5.3 5.6 3.1%
4.1%
Economically inactive: Looking after home or family 4.5 5.4 4.0 4.4 4.0 4.8 4.5%
5.4%
Economically inactive: Long-term sick or disabled 3.0 3.4 2.7 3.1 3.8 4.1 3.0%
3.4%
Economically inactive: Other 2.2 3.4 1.8 2.7 2.2 3.1 2.2%
3.4%

Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021

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National identity in Crawley

Of Crawley residents, 15.1% did not identify with any national identity associated with the UK in 2021, up from 12.0% in 2011.

In 2021, just over 1 in 40 people (2.6%) identified with a UK and non-UK national identity, compared with 1.1% in 2011. The percentage of residents in Crawley that identified as "British only" increased from 20.8% to 55.2%.

The increase in the percentage of people who did not identify with any national identity associated with the UK was greater in Crawley (3.1 percentage points) than across the South East (1.6 percentage points, from 7.1% to 8.7%). Across England, the percentage increased by 1.7 percentage points, from 8.2% to 10.0%.

In Census 2021, “British” was moved to the top response option and this may have influenced how people described their national identity. For further information, please see our quality report.

The percentage of people who did not identify with at least one UK national identity in Crawley increased by 3.1 percentage points

Percentage of usual residents by national identity,
0%
2011
2021


comparisons
Classification 2011_Crawley_% 2021_Crawley_% 2011_South East_% 2021_South East_% 2011_England_%2021_England_% Percentage in Crawley Percentage in undefined
British only identity 20.8 55.2 17.9 56.7 19.2 56.8 20.8%
55.2%
Welsh only identity 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.4%
0.2%
Welsh and British only identity 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1%
0.1%
English only identity 56.1 14.1 61.8 16.2 60.4 15.3 56.1%
14.1%
English and British only identity 8.2 12.0 9.9 14.6 9.1 14.3 8.2%
12.0%
Any other combination of only UK identities 1.3 0.7 1.6 1.1 1.6 1.1 1.3%
0.7%
Non-UK identity only 12.0 15.1 7.1 8.7 8.2 10.0 12.0%
15.1%
UK identity and non-UK identity 1.1 2.6 0.9 2.2 0.9 2.0 1.1%
2.6%

Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021

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More adults worked short hours

Crawley saw the South East's largest percentage-point rise in the proportion of people aged 16 years and over and in employment who said they usually worked 15 hours or less per week (from 8.3% in 2011 to 10.7% in 2021).

Brighton and Hove saw the South East's next largest increase in the percentage of people aged 16 years and over and in employment who said they usually worked 15 hours or less per week (from 11.1% in 2011 to 13.2% in 2021).

Across the South East, the percentage of people aged 16 years and over and in employment who said they usually worked 15 hours or less per week increased from 10.4% to 11.0%, while the percentage in nearby Horsham increased from 11.7% to 12.7%.

Working hours may have been affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

The percentage of adults who worked 15 hours or less in Crawley increased by 2.4 percentage points

Percentage of usual residents aged 16 years and over and in employment by the number of hours worked per week,
0%
2011
2021


comparisons
Classification 2011_Crawley_% 2021_Crawley_% 2011_South East_% 2021_South East_% 2011_England_%2021_England_% Percentage in Crawley Percentage in undefined
15 hours or less worked 8.3 10.7 10.4 11.0 9.7 10.3 8.3%
10.7%
16 to 30 hours worked 17.5 18.9 18.4 18.6 19.5 19.5 17.5%
18.9%
31 to 48 hours worked 63.1 61.6 56.6 58.6 57.5 59.1 63.1%
61.6%
49 or more hours worked 11.0 8.8 14.6 11.9 13.3 11.1 11.0%
8.8%

Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021

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Rise in private renting

The increase in the percentage of privately-rented homes was greater in Crawley (5.3 percentage points) than in nearby Horsham (2.7 percentage points).

In Crawley, the percentage of private renting increased from 14.5% in 2011 to 19.8% in 2021. During the same period, the percentage in nearby Horsham increased from 11.8% to 14.5%.

The rate of social renting in Crawley fell from 23.9% to 22.9%, while the rate of home ownership decreased from 59.0% to 55.7%.

Private renting in Crawley increased by 5.3 percentage points

Percentage of households by housing tenure,
0%
2011
2021


comparisons
Classification 2011_Crawley_% 2021_Crawley_% 2011_South East_% 2021_South East_% 2011_England_%2021_England_% Percentage in Crawley Percentage in undefined
Owns outright or with a mortgage or loan 59.0 55.7 67.6 65.7 63.3 61.3 59.0%
55.7%
Shared ownership 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.4 0.8 1.0 1.4%
1.2%
Social rented 23.9 22.9 13.7 13.6 17.7 17.1 23.9%
22.9%
Private rented 14.5 19.8 16.3 19.2 16.8 20.5 14.5%
19.8%
Lives rent free 1.2 0.3 1.3 0.1 1.3 0.1 1.2%
0.3%

Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021

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Unpaid care in Crawley

In 2021, 4.2% of Crawley residents (aged five years and over) reported providing up to 19 hours of unpaid care each week. This figure decreased from 7.0% in 2011. These are age-standardised proportions.

Age-standardised proportions are used throughout this section. They enable comparisons between populations over time and across geographies, as they account for differences in the population size and age structure.

In 2021, just under 1 in 50 people (1.9%) reported providing between 20 and 49 hours of unpaid care each week, compared with 1.5% in 2011. The proportion of Crawley residents (aged five years and over) that provided at least 50 hours of weekly unpaid care increased from 2.5% to 2.6%.

The decrease in the proportion of people (aged five years and over) providing up to 19 hours of weekly unpaid care in Crawley (2.8 percentage points) was similar to the decrease across the South East (2.8 percentage points, from 7.3% to 4.5%). Across England, the proportion fell by 2.8 percentage points, from 7.2% to 4.4%.

Census 2021 was undertaken during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This may have influenced how people perceived and managed their provision of unpaid care, and therefore may have affected how people chose to respond.

Caution should be taken when making comparisons between 2011 and 2021 because of changes in question wording and response options.

The percentage of people (aged five years and over) providing up to 19 hours of weekly unpaid care in Crawley decreased by 2.8 percentage points

Age-standardised proportion of usual residents (aged five years and over) by hours per week of unpaid care provision,
0%
2011
2021


comparisons
Classification 2011_Crawley_% 2021_Crawley_% 2011_South East_% 2021_South East_% 2011_England_%2021_England_% Percentage in Crawley Percentage in undefined
Does not provide weekly unpaid care 89.0 91.3 89.3 91.6 88.7 91.1 89.0%
91.3%
Up to 19 hours of unpaid care 7.0 4.2 7.3 4.5 7.2 4.4 7.0%
4.2%
20 to 49 hours of unpaid care 1.5 1.9 1.2 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.5%
1.9%
50 or more hours of unpaid care 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.5%
2.6%

Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021

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Religion in Crawley

In 2021, 35.1% of Crawley residents reported having "No religion", up from 26.0% in 2011. The rise of 9.0 percentage points was the largest increase of all broad religious groups in Crawley. Because the census question about religious affiliation is voluntary and has varying response rates, caution is needed when comparing figures between different areas or between censuses.

Across the South East, the percentage of residents who described themselves as having "No religion" increased from 27.7% to 40.2%, while across England the percentage increased from 24.8% to 36.7%.

In 2021, 42.6% of people in Crawley described themselves as Christian (down from 54.2%), while 9.7% described themselves as Muslim (up from 7.2% the decade before).

There are many factors that can cause changes to the religious profile of an area, such as a changing age structure or residents relocating for work or education. Changes may also be caused by differences in the way individuals chose to self-identify between censuses. Religious affiliation is the religion with which someone connects or identifies, rather than their beliefs or religious practice.

Read the bulletin Religion, England and Wales: Census 2021.

In 2021, 35.1% of usual residents in Crawley reported having "No religion"

Percentage of usual residents by religion,
0%
2011
2021


comparisons
Classification 2011_Crawley_% 2021_Crawley_% 2011_South East_% 2021_South East_% 2011_England_%2021_England_% Percentage in Crawley Percentage in undefined
No religion 26.0 35.1 27.7 40.2 24.8 36.7 26.0%
35.1%
Christian 54.2 42.6 59.8 46.5 59.4 46.3 54.2%
42.6%
Buddhist 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4%
0.4%
Hindu 4.6 5.1 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.8 4.6%
5.1%
Jewish 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.1%
0.1%
Muslim 7.2 9.7 2.3 3.3 5.0 6.7 7.2%
9.7%
Sikh 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7%
0.7%
Other 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.4%
0.5%
Not answered 6.4 5.7 7.4 6.1 7.1 6.0 6.4%
5.7%

Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021

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Health in Crawley

In 2021, 45.4% of Crawley residents described their health as "very good", increasing from 43.2% in 2011. Those describing their health as "good" fell from 36.9% to 36.0%. These are age-standardised proportions.

Age-standardised proportions are used throughout this section. They enable comparisons between populations over time and across geographies, as they account for differences in the population size and age structure.

The proportion of Crawley residents describing their health as "very bad" remained 1.2%, while those describing their health as "bad" fell from 4.2% to 4.0%.

These data reflect people’s own opinions in describing their overall health on a five point scale, from very good to very bad.

Census 2021 was conducted during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This may have influenced how people perceived and rated their health, and therefore may have affected how people chose to respond.

In 2021, 1.2% of usual residents said their health was very bad in Crawley

Age-standardised proportion of usual residents by self-reported health,
0%
2011
2021


comparisons
Classification 2011_Crawley_% 2021_Crawley_% 2011_South East_% 2021_South East_% 2011_England_%2021_England_% Percentage in Crawley Percentage in undefined
Very good health 43.2 45.4 47.5 49.6 45.0 47.5 43.2%
45.4%
Good health 36.9 36.0 35.3 34.4 34.8 34.2 36.9%
36.0%
Fair health 14.5 13.5 12.7 11.8 14.2 13.0 14.5%
13.5%
Bad health 4.2 4.0 3.6 3.3 4.6 4.1 4.2%
4.0%
Very bad health 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.2%
1.2%

Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021

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More adults never married or in a civil partnership

Of Crawley residents aged 16 years and over, 38.4% said they had never been married or in a civil partnership in 2021, up from 34.7% in 2011.

In 2021, just over 4 in 10 people (44.8%) said they were married or in a registered civil partnership, compared with 46.9% in 2011. The percentage of adults in Crawley that had divorced or dissolved a civil partnership increased from 9.3% to 9.4%.

The increase in the percentage of people aged 16 years and over who had never been married or in a civil partnership was greater in Crawley (3.6 percentage points) than across the South East (2.9 percentage points, from 31.9% to 34.8%). Across England, the percentage increased by 3.3 percentage points, from 34.6% to 37.9%.

These figures include same-sex marriages and opposite-sex civil partnerships in 2021, neither of which were legally recognised in England and Wales in 2011. Same-sex marriages have been legally recognised in England and Wales since 2014 and opposite-sex civil partnerships have been recognised since 2019.

The percentage of adults who had never married or registered a civil partnership in Crawley increased by 3.6 percentage points

Percentage of usual residents aged 16 years and over by legal partnership status,
0%
2011
2021


comparisons
Classification 2011_Crawley_% 2021_Crawley_% 2011_South East_% 2021_South East_% 2011_England_%2021_England_% Percentage in Crawley Percentage in undefined
Never married and never registered a civil partnership 34.7 38.4 31.9 34.8 34.6 37.9 34.7%
38.4%
Married or in a registered civil partnership 46.9 44.8 49.6 47.6 46.8 44.7 46.9%
44.8%
Separated, but still legally married or still legally in a civil partnership 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.1 2.7 2.2 2.8%
2.4%
Divorced or civil partnership dissolved 9.3 9.4 9.1 9.3 9.0 9.1 9.3%
9.4%
Widowed or surviving civil partnership partner 6.3 5.0 6.9 6.1 6.9 6.1 6.3%
5.0%

Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021

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Disability in Crawley

In 2021, 7.0% of Crawley residents were identified as being disabled and limited a lot. This figure decreased from 8.1% in 2011. These are age-standardised proportions.

Age-standardised proportions are used throughout this section. They enable comparisons between populations over time and across geographies, as they account for differences in the population size and age structure.

In 2021, just under 1 in 10 people (9.8%) were identified as being disabled and limited a little, compared with 10.0% in 2011. The proportion of Crawley residents who were not disabled increased from 81.9% to 83.2%.

The decrease in the proportion of residents who were identified as being disabled and limited a lot in Crawley (1.1 percentage points) was similar to the decrease across the South East (1.0 percentage points, from 7.2% to 6.2%). Across England, the proportion fell by 1.6 percentage points, from 9.1% to 7.5%.

Census 2021 was undertaken during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This may have influenced how people perceived their health status and activity limitations, and therefore may have affected how people chose to respond.

Caution should be taken when making comparisons between 2011 and 2021 because of changes in question wording and response options.

The percentage of people who were identified as being disabled and limited a lot in Crawley decreased by 1.1 percentage points

Age-standardised proportion of usual residents by long-term health condition or illness,
0%
2011
2021


comparisons
Classification 2011_Crawley_% 2021_Crawley_% 2011_South East_% 2021_South East_% 2011_England_%2021_England_% Percentage in Crawley Percentage in undefined
Disabled and limited a lot 8.1 7.0 7.2 6.2 9.1 7.5 8.1%
7.0%
Disabled and limited a little 10.0 9.8 9.4 9.9 10.2 10.2 10.0%
9.8%
Not disabled 81.9 83.2 83.4 83.9 80.7 82.3 81.9%
83.2%

Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021

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Ethnic groups in Crawley

In 2021, 15.4% of Crawley residents identified their ethnic group within the "Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh" category, up from 13.0% in 2011. The 2.4 percentage-point change was the largest increase among high-level ethnic groups in this area.

Across the South East, the percentage of people from the "Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh" ethnic group increased from 5.2% to 7.0%, while across England the percentage increased from 7.8% to 9.6%.

In 2021, 73.4% of people in Crawley identified their ethnic group within the "White" category (compared with 79.9% in 2011), while 4.5% identified their ethnic group within the "Black, Black British, Black Welsh, Caribbean or African" category (compared with 3.3% the previous decade).

The percentage of people who identified their ethnic group within the "Mixed or Multiple" category increased from 2.9% in 2011 to 4.1% in 2021.

There are many factors that may be contributing to the changing ethnic composition of England and Wales, such as differing patterns of ageing, fertility, mortality, and migration. Changes may also be caused by differences in the way individuals chose to self-identify between censuses.

Read the bulletin Ethnic group, England and Wales: Census 2021.

In 2021, 15.4% of usual residents in Crawley identified their ethnic group within the "Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh" category

Percentage of usual residents by ethnic group,
0%
2011
2021


comparisons
Classification 2011_Crawley_% 2021_Crawley_% 2011_South East_% 2021_South East_% 2011_England_%2021_England_% Percentage in Crawley Percentage in undefined
Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh 13.0 15.4 5.2 7.0 7.8 9.6 13.0%
15.4%
Black, Black British, Black Welsh, Caribbean or African 3.3 4.5 1.6 2.4 3.5 4.2 3.3%
4.5%
Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups 2.9 4.1 1.9 2.8 2.3 3.0 2.9%
4.1%
White 79.9 73.4 90.7 86.3 85.4 81.0 79.9%
73.4%
Other ethnic groups 1.0 2.7 0.6 1.5 1.0 2.2 1.0%
2.7%

Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021

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About the data

Census data are adjusted to reflect estimated non-response so that the published results relate to the entire usually resident population as it was on Census Day (21 March 2021).

Those respondents who were on furlough because of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic were asked to classify themselves as "temporarily away from work" to ensure they remained in the economically active population.

Students are counted as usually resident at their term-time address even if they were not physically present there on Census Day.

The questions relating to disability differed slightly between 2011 and 2021 to ensure that data were more closely aligned with the definition of disability in the Equality Act (2010). There was also a change to question wording for unpaid care, for more information read the health, disability and unpaid care quality information.

Age-standardised proportions are used throughout the health, disability and unpaid care sections. They allow for fairer comparisons between populations over time and across geographies, as they account for differences in the population size and age structure. The 2013 European Standard Population is used to standardise proportions.

Percentages and percentage point changes have been individually rounded to one decimal place. This means they may not sum exactly.

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About these articles

There is an article like this for every local authority district in England and Wales. The articles have been written and semi-automated by our data journalists and are a new publishing format for the Office for National Statistics.

Topics are chosen and ordered automatically based on how relevant they are for each area, however all data are checked before publishing.

We have not included topics that were new for Census 2021 or where there is no comparability with the 2011 Census. Read about how we developed and tested the questions for Census 2021.

These articles were first published on 8 December 2022 covering topics such as demography, country of birth, ethnic groups, religion, national identity and economic activity status. They were updated on 19 January 2023 following the release of more data from Census 2021 and now include housing tenure, general health, disability and unpaid care.

All versions of this article

Related links

Census 2021 topic summaries

Supporting information | Released 2 November 2022

What topic summary data for Census 2021 will be available and how to view them.

Census maps

Interactive tool | Released 8 December 2022

Use our interactive map to find out what people’s lives are like across England and Wales.

How well do you know your area?

Digital Content Article | Released 2 December 2022

Test your knowledge of where you live with our Census quiz.

Contact

census.customerservices@ons.gov.uk

Telephone: +44 1329 44 4972

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