The population passed 160,000
Between the last two censuses (held in 2011 and 2021), the population of Cherwell increased by 13.5%, from around 141,900 in 2011 to around 161,000 in 2021.
The population here increased by a greater percentage than the overall population of the South East (7.5%), and by a greater percentage than the overall population of England (up 6.6% since the 2011 Census).
In 2021, Cherwell was home to around 2.0 people per football pitch-sized piece of land, compared with 1.7 in 2011. This area was among the lowest 30% for population density across English local authority areas at the last census.
This article generally uses percentages to enable comparisons over time and between areas. The percentage point change is also used to show the difference between the 2011 and 2021 percentages.
Population growth was higher in Cherwell than across the South East
Percentage population change, Cherwell and surrounding areas, 2011 Census to Census 2021
England ▲6.6% South East ▲7.5% Cherwell ▲13.5%| -2 | -0.5 | 0.5 | +2 | +8 | +16% |
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Median age in Cherwell
Between the last two censuses, the average (median) age of Cherwell increased by one year, from 39 to 40 years of age.
This area had a slightly lower average (median) age than the South East as a whole in 2021 (41 years) but had a similar averaage (median) age to England (40 years).
The median age is the age of the person in the middle of the group, meaning that one half of the group is younger than that person and the other half is older.
The number of people aged 50 to 64 years rose by just under 6,000 (an increase of 23.2%), while the number of residents aged 4 years and under fell by around 450 (4.7% decrease).
The share of residents aged between 50 and 64 years increased by 1.5 percentage points between 2011 and 2021
Percentage of usual residents
by age group,
| 85 years and over | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.0%
2.3% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 75 to 84 years | 5.2 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 6.1 | 5.2%
5.7% |
| 65 to 74 years | 8.1 | 9.4 | 8.8 | 10.2 | 8.6 | 9.8 | 8.1%
9.4% |
| 50 to 64 years | 18.2 | 19.7 | 18.5 | 19.8 | 18.1 | 19.4 | 18.2%
19.7% |
| 35 to 49 years | 22.8 | 20.8 | 21.7 | 19.7 | 21.3 | 19.4 | 22.8%
20.8% |
| 25 to 34 years | 13.6 | 14.2 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 13.5 | 13.6 | 13.6%
14.2% |
| 20 to 24 years | 5.4 | 4.9 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 6.8 | 6.0 | 5.4%
4.9% |
| 16 to 19 years | 4.7 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 4.7%
4.0% |
| 10 to 15 years | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 7.3%
7.2% |
| 5 to 9 years | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 5.8%
5.8% |
| 4 years and under | 6.9 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 5.3 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 6.9%
5.8% |
Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021
| |
Cherwell stood out from other areas for housing
The percentage of households in the social rented sector increased in Cherwell, but fell across England.
In Cherwell, the percentage of households in the social rented sector rose from 12.1% in 2011 to 13.3% in 2021, while across England it fell from 17.7% to 17.1%. During the same period, the regional percentage fell from 13.7% to 13.6%.
Private renting in Cherwell increased from 16.2% to 19.8%, while the rate of home ownership decreased from 69.3% to 65.0%.
The rate of social renting in Cherwell increased by 1.2 percentage points
Percentage of households
by housing tenure,
| Owns outright or with a mortgage or loan | 69.3 | 65.0 | 67.6 | 65.7 | 63.3 | 61.3 | 69.3%
65.0% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shared ownership | 0.8 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.8%
1.9% |
| Social rented | 12.1 | 13.3 | 13.7 | 13.6 | 17.7 | 17.1 | 12.1%
13.3% |
| Private rented | 16.2 | 19.8 | 16.3 | 19.2 | 16.8 | 20.5 | 16.2%
19.8% |
| Lives rent free | 1.6 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 1.6%
0.0% |
Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021
| |
National identity in Cherwell
Cherwell saw the South East's second-largest percentage-point rise in the proportion of people who did not identify with any national identity associated with the UK (from 7.2% in 2011 to 11.0% in 2021).
Across the region, only Reading saw a greater rise in the percentage of people who did not identify with any national identity associated with the UK (from 17.8% to 21.8%).
Across the South East, the percentage of people who did not identify with any national identity associated with the UK increased from 7.1% to 8.7%, while the percentage in nearby West Northamptonshire increased from 7.6% to 12.7%.
In Census 2021, “British” was moved to the top response option and this may have influenced how people described their national identity. For further information, please see our quality report.
The percentage of people who did not identify with at least one UK national identity in Cherwell increased by 3.7 percentage points
Percentage of usual residents
by national identity,
| British only identity | 16.9 | 54.6 | 17.9 | 56.7 | 19.2 | 56.8 | 16.9%
54.6% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Welsh only identity | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.8%
0.5% |
| Welsh and British only identity | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2%
0.2% |
| English only identity | 62.5 | 16.1 | 61.8 | 16.2 | 60.4 | 15.3 | 62.5%
16.1% |
| English and British only identity | 9.7 | 14.1 | 9.9 | 14.6 | 9.1 | 14.3 | 9.7%
14.1% |
| Any other combination of only UK identities | 1.9 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.9%
1.2% |
| Non-UK identity only | 7.2 | 11.0 | 7.1 | 8.7 | 8.2 | 10.0 | 7.2%
11.0% |
| UK identity and non-UK identity | 0.9 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 0.9%
2.3% |
Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021
| |
Cherwell residents' country of birth
In the latest census, around 128,000 Cherwell residents said they were born in England. This represented 79.5% of the local population. The figure has risen from just under 120,700 in 2011, which at the time represented 85.1% of Cherwell's population.
Poland was the next most represented, with around 3,900 Cherwell residents reporting this country of birth (2.4%). This figure was up from around 2,300 in 2011, which at the time represented 1.6% of the population of Cherwell.
The number of Cherwell residents born in Romania rose from around 200 in 2011 (0.1% of the local population) to around 2,600 in 2021 (1.6%).
In 2021, 79.5% of Cherwell residents reported their country of birth as England
Percentage of usual residents
by country of birth,
| England | 85.1 | 79.5 | 84.8 | 81.7 | 83.5 | 80.3 | 85.1%
79.5% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland | 1.6 | 2.4 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.6%
2.4% |
| Romania | 0.1 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.1%
1.6% |
| Scotland | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.8%
1.4% |
| Countries that joined the EU between April 2001 and March 2011 (other than Poland, Croatia, Lithuania and Romania) | 0.6 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.6%
1.3% |
Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021
Notes:
- This chart shows the five most common countries of birth in Cherwell in 2021
- Please see the data dictionary for further detail on country of birth groupings
| |
Marriage and civil partnership in Cherwell
Cherwell saw the South East's third-largest percentage-point fall in the proportion of people aged 16 years and over who were married (or in a civil partnership) (from 52.0% in 2011 to 48.6% in 2021).
Across the region, only Hart (from 58.4% to 54.7%) and Swale (from 48.5% to 44.8%) saw a greater decrease in the percentage of people aged 16 years and over who were married (or in a civil partnership).
Across the South East, the percentage of people aged 16 years and over who were married (or in a civil partnership) fell from 49.6% to 47.6%, while the percentage in nearby West Northamptonshire fell from 49.3% to 47.1%.
These figures include same-sex marriages and opposite-sex civil partnerships in 2021, neither of which were legally recognised in England and Wales in 2011. Same-sex marriages have been legally recognised in England and Wales since 2014 and opposite-sex civil partnerships have been recognised since 2019.
The percentage of adults who were married or in a civil partnership in Cherwell decreased by 3.4 percentage points
Percentage of usual residents aged 16 years and over
by legal partnership status,
| Never married and never registered a civil partnership | 30.4 | 34.5 | 31.9 | 34.8 | 34.6 | 37.9 | 30.4%
34.5% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Married or in a registered civil partnership | 52.0 | 48.6 | 49.6 | 47.6 | 46.8 | 44.7 | 52.0%
48.6% |
| Separated, but still legally married or still legally in a civil partnership | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.3%
2.1% |
| Divorced or civil partnership dissolved | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.1 | 9.3 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 9.2%
9.3% |
| Widowed or surviving civil partnership partner | 6.1 | 5.5 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 6.1%
5.5% |
Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021
| |
Unpaid care in Cherwell
In 2021, 4.1% of Cherwell residents (aged five years and over) reported providing up to 19 hours of unpaid care each week. This figure decreased from 7.2% in 2011. These are age-standardised proportions.
Age-standardised proportions are used throughout this section. They enable comparisons between populations over time and across geographies, as they account for differences in the population size and age structure.
The decrease in the proportion of people (aged five years and over) providing up to 19 hours of weekly unpaid care was greater in Cherwell (3.1 percentage points) than across the South East (2.8 percentage points, from 7.3% to 4.5%). Across England, the proportion fell by 2.8 percentage points, from 7.2% to 4.4%.
Census 2021 was undertaken during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This may have influenced how people perceived and managed their provision of unpaid care, and therefore may have affected how people chose to respond.
Caution should be taken when making comparisons between 2011 and 2021 because of changes in question wording and response options.
The percentage of people (aged five years and over) providing up to 19 hours of weekly unpaid care in Cherwell decreased by 3.1 percentage points
Age-standardised proportion of usual residents (aged five years and over)
by hours per week of unpaid care provision,
| Does not provide weekly unpaid care | 89.5 | 92.3 | 89.3 | 91.6 | 88.7 | 91.1 | 89.5%
92.3% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Up to 19 hours of unpaid care | 7.2 | 4.1 | 7.3 | 4.5 | 7.2 | 4.4 | 7.2%
4.1% |
| 20 to 49 hours of unpaid care | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.1%
1.4% |
| 50 or more hours of unpaid care | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.2%
2.2% |
Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021
| |
Religion in Cherwell
In 2021, 38.1% of Cherwell residents reported having "No religion", up from 25.4% in 2011. The rise of 12.6 percentage points was the largest increase of all broad religious groups in Cherwell. Because the census question about religious affiliation is voluntary and has varying response rates, caution is needed when comparing figures between different areas or between censuses.
Across the South East, the percentage of residents who described themselves as having "No religion" increased from 27.7% to 40.2%, while across England the percentage increased from 24.8% to 36.7%.
In 2021, 50.3% of people in Cherwell described themselves as Christian (down from 63.8%), while 6.1% did not state their religion (down from 6.9% the decade before).
There are many factors that can cause changes to the religious profile of an area, such as a changing age structure or residents relocating for work or education. Changes may also be caused by differences in the way individuals chose to self-identify between censuses. Religious affiliation is the religion with which someone connects or identifies, rather than their beliefs or religious practice.
Read the bulletin Religion, England and Wales: Census 2021.In 2021, 38.1% of usual residents in Cherwell reported having "No religion"
Percentage of usual residents
by religion,
| No religion | 25.4 | 38.1 | 27.7 | 40.2 | 24.8 | 36.7 | 25.4%
38.1% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | 63.8 | 50.3 | 59.8 | 46.5 | 59.4 | 46.3 | 63.8%
50.3% |
| Buddhist | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4%
0.6% |
| Hindu | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 0.4%
0.8% |
| Jewish | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.1%
0.1% |
| Muslim | 2.3 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 5.0 | 6.7 | 2.3%
3.2% |
| Sikh | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.3%
0.4% |
| Other | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.4%
0.5% |
| Not answered | 6.9 | 6.1 | 7.4 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 6.0 | 6.9%
6.1% |
Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021
| |
Health in Cherwell
In 2021, 49.7% of Cherwell residents described their health as "very good", increasing from 47.7% in 2011. Those describing their health as "good" fell from 35.5% to 34.8%. These are age-standardised proportions.
Age-standardised proportions are used throughout this section. They enable comparisons between populations over time and across geographies, as they account for differences in the population size and age structure.
The proportion of Cherwell residents describing their health as "very bad" was 0.8% (similar to 2011), while those describing their health as "bad" fell from 3.4% to 3.1%.
These data reflect people’s own opinions in describing their overall health on a five point scale, from very good to very bad.
Census 2021 was conducted during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This may have influenced how people perceived and rated their health, and therefore may have affected how people chose to respond.
The percentage of people in very bad health in Cherwell decreased by 0.2 percentage points
Age-standardised proportion of usual residents
by self-reported health,
| Very good health | 47.7 | 49.7 | 47.5 | 49.6 | 45.0 | 47.5 | 47.7%
49.7% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Good health | 35.5 | 34.8 | 35.3 | 34.4 | 34.8 | 34.2 | 35.5%
34.8% |
| Fair health | 12.4 | 11.6 | 12.7 | 11.8 | 14.2 | 13.0 | 12.4%
11.6% |
| Bad health | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 3.4%
3.1% |
| Very bad health | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.0%
0.8% |
Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021
| |
Family in Cherwell
Of Cherwell households, 19.8% included a couple but no children in 2021, down from 20.7% in 2011.
In 2021, just over one in five households (21.7%) included a couple with dependent children, compared with 23.2% in 2011. The percentage of single family households including a couple living with only non-dependent children remained at 6.4%.
This area had the region’s second highest percentage of households including a couple but no children. Across the region, only Test Valley, with 20.0%, had a higher percentage.
The percentage of households including a couple without children in Cherwell decreased by 0.9 percentage points
Percentage of households
by household composition,
| One-person household: Aged 66 years and over (Aged 65 years and over in 2011) | 10.5 | 11.3 | 12.7 | 13.2 | 12.4 | 12.8 | 10.5%
11.3% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| One-person household: Other | 14.7 | 15.0 | 16.1 | 15.2 | 17.9 | 17.3 | 14.7%
15.0% |
| Single-family household: Cohabiting-couple family: No children | 20.7 | 19.8 | 18.7 | 17.4 | 17.6 | 16.8 | 20.7%
19.8% |
| Single-family household: Cohabiting-couple family: With dependent children | 23.2 | 21.7 | 21.0 | 20.6 | 19.3 | 18.9 | 23.2%
21.7% |
| Single-family household: Cohabiting-couple family: All children non-dependent | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 6.4%
6.4% |
| Single-family household: Lone-parent household | 9.0 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 11.1 | 9.0%
9.2% |
| Other household types | 15.5 | 16.6 | 16.3 | 17.4 | 16.1 | 16.9 | 15.5%
16.6% |
Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021
| |
Change in employment
Of Cherwell residents aged 16 years and over, 63.7% said they were employed (excluding full-time students) in 2021, down from 64.3% in 2011.
In 2021, just over 1 in 50 people (2.2%) said they were unemployed, compared with 2.6% in 2011. The percentage of retired Cherwell residents increased from 19.4% to 19.9%.
This area had the region’s third highest percentage of people aged 16 years and over (excluding full-time students) who were employed. Across the region, only Bracknell Forest (65.2%) and Rushmoor (64.2%) had a higher percentage of people aged 16 years and over (excluding full-time students) who were employed.
Census 2021 took place during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, a period of rapid and unparalleled change; the national lockdown, associated guidance and furlough measures will have affected the labour market and our ability to measure it.
The percentage of people aged 16 years and over who were employed (excluding full-time students) in Cherwell decreased by 0.6 percentage points
Percentage of usual residents aged 16 years and over
by economic activity status,
| Economically active (excluding full-time students): In employment | 64.3 | 63.7 | 59.0 | 57.6 | 56.5 | 55.7 | 64.3%
63.7% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economically active (excluding full-time students): Unemployed | 2.6 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 2.6%
2.2% |
| Economically active and a full-time student: In employment | 2.0 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 2.0%
1.3% |
| Economically active and a full-time student: Unemployed | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.3%
0.3% |
| Economically inactive: Retired | 19.4 | 19.9 | 21.8 | 22.5 | 21.2 | 21.5 | 19.4%
19.9% |
| Economically inactive: Student | 3.2 | 3.3 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 3.2%
3.3% |
| Economically inactive: Looking after home or family | 3.5 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 3.5%
3.9% |
| Economically inactive: Long-term sick or disabled | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 2.4%
2.6% |
| Economically inactive: Other | 2.2 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 2.2%
2.7% |
Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021
| |
Fewer adults working long hours
In 2021, 11.2% of Cherwell residents aged 16 years and over and in employment said they worked over 49 hours per week. This figure decreased from 14.3% in 2011.
In 2021, just over 1 in 11 people (9.2%) said they worked 15 hours or less per week, compared with 9.3% in 2011. The percentage of adults in employment working 31 to 48 hours per week increased from 58.6% to 62.2%.
The decrease in the percentage of people aged 16 years and over and in employment who said they usually worked over 49 hours per week was greater in Cherwell (3.1 percentage points) than across the South East (2.7 percentage points, from 14.6% to 11.9%). Across England, the percentage fell by 2.2 percentage points, from 13.3% to 11.1%.
Working hours may have been affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.
The percentage of adults in employment who worked 49 hours or more in Cherwell decreased by 3.1 percentage points
Percentage of usual residents aged 16 years and over and in employment
by the number of hours worked per week,
| 15 hours or less worked | 9.3 | 9.2 | 10.4 | 11.0 | 9.7 | 10.3 | 9.3%
9.2% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 to 30 hours worked | 17.8 | 17.4 | 18.4 | 18.6 | 19.5 | 19.5 | 17.8%
17.4% |
| 31 to 48 hours worked | 58.6 | 62.2 | 56.6 | 58.6 | 57.5 | 59.1 | 58.6%
62.2% |
| 49 or more hours worked | 14.3 | 11.2 | 14.6 | 11.9 | 13.3 | 11.1 | 14.3%
11.2% |
Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021
| |
Disability in Cherwell
In 2021, 5.6% of Cherwell residents were identified as being disabled and limited a lot. This figure decreased from 7.0% in 2011. These are age-standardised proportions.
Age-standardised proportions are used throughout this section. They enable comparisons between populations over time and across geographies, as they account for differences in the population size and age structure.
In 2021, just under 1 in 10 people (9.5%) were identified as being disabled and limited a little, compared with 9.0% in 2011. The proportion of Cherwell residents who were not disabled increased from 84.0% to 84.9%.
The decrease in the proportion of residents who were identified as being disabled and limited a lot was greater in Cherwell (1.4 percentage points) than across the South East (1.0 percentage points, from 7.2% to 6.2%). Across England, the proportion fell by 1.6 percentage points, from 9.1% to 7.5%.
Census 2021 was undertaken during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This may have influenced how people perceived their health status and activity limitations, and therefore may have affected how people chose to respond.
Caution should be taken when making comparisons between 2011 and 2021 because of changes in question wording and response options.
The percentage of people who were identified as being disabled and limited a lot in Cherwell decreased by 1.4 percentage points
Age-standardised proportion of usual residents
by long-term health condition or illness,
| Disabled and limited a lot | 7.0 | 5.6 | 7.2 | 6.2 | 9.1 | 7.5 | 7.0%
5.6% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disabled and limited a little | 9.0 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 9.9 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 9.0%
9.5% |
| Not disabled | 84.0 | 84.9 | 83.4 | 83.9 | 80.7 | 82.3 | 84.0%
84.9% |
Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021
| |
Ethnic groups in Cherwell
In 2021, 6.0% of Cherwell residents identified their ethnic group within the "Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh" category, up from 4.3% in 2011. The 1.8 percentage-point change was the largest increase among high-level ethnic groups in this area.
Across the South East, the percentage of people from the "Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh" ethnic group increased from 5.2% to 7.0%, while across England the percentage increased from 7.8% to 9.6%.
In 2021, 88.1% of people in Cherwell identified their ethnic group within the "White" category (compared with 92.2% in 2011), while 2.9% identified their ethnic group within the "Mixed or Multiple" category (compared with 1.8% the previous decade).
The percentage of people who identified their ethnic group within the "Black, Black British, Black Welsh, Caribbean or African" category increased from 1.4% in 2011 to 1.8% in 2021.
There are many factors that may be contributing to the changing ethnic composition of England and Wales, such as differing patterns of ageing, fertility, mortality, and migration. Changes may also be caused by differences in the way individuals chose to self-identify between censuses.
Read the bulletin Ethnic group, England and Wales: Census 2021.In 2021, 6.0% of usual residents in Cherwell identified their ethnic group within the "Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh" category
Percentage of usual residents
by ethnic group,
| Asian, Asian British or Asian Welsh | 4.3 | 6.0 | 5.2 | 7.0 | 7.8 | 9.6 | 4.3%
6.0% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black, Black British, Black Welsh, Caribbean or African | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 1.4%
1.8% |
| Mixed or Multiple ethnic groups | 1.8 | 2.9 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 1.8%
2.9% |
| White | 92.2 | 88.1 | 90.7 | 86.3 | 85.4 | 81.0 | 92.2%
88.1% |
| Other ethnic groups | 0.4 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 0.4%
1.3% |
Source: Office for National Statistics – 2011 Census and Census 2021
| |
About the data
Census data are adjusted to reflect estimated non-response so that the published results relate to the entire usually resident population as it was on Census Day (21 March 2021).
Those respondents who were on furlough because of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic were asked to classify themselves as "temporarily away from work" to ensure they remained in the economically active population.
Students are counted as usually resident at their term-time address even if they were not physically present there on Census Day.
The questions relating to disability differed slightly between 2011 and 2021 to ensure that data were more closely aligned with the definition of disability in the Equality Act (2010). There was also a change to question wording for unpaid care, for more information read the health, disability and unpaid care quality information.
Age-standardised proportions are used throughout the health, disability and unpaid care sections. They allow for fairer comparisons between populations over time and across geographies, as they account for differences in the population size and age structure. The 2013 European Standard Population is used to standardise proportions.
Percentages and percentage point changes have been individually rounded to one decimal place. This means they may not sum exactly.
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xlsx (1.5 MB)About these articles
There is an article like this for every local authority district in England and Wales. The articles have been written and semi-automated by our data journalists and are a new publishing format for the Office for National Statistics.
Topics are chosen and ordered automatically based on how relevant they are for each area, however all data are checked before publishing.
We have not included topics that were new for Census 2021 or where there is no comparability with the 2011 Census. Read about how we developed and tested the questions for Census 2021.
These articles were first published on 8 December 2022 covering topics such as demography, country of birth, ethnic groups, religion, national identity and economic activity status. They were updated on 19 January 2023 following the release of more data from Census 2021 and now include housing tenure, general health, disability and unpaid care.
Related links
Supporting information | Released 2 November 2022
What topic summary data for Census 2021 will be available and how to view them.
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Use our interactive map to find out what people’s lives are like across England and Wales.
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Digital Content Article | Released 2 December 2022
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Contact
census.customerservices@ons.gov.ukTelephone: +44 1329 44 4972