These estimates of greenhouse gas emissions have been modelled using the Chow-Lin regression based temporal disaggregation method. 

Currently, all the predictor indicators used in our modelling are taken from the  Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ), Energy trends publication.

The seasonally adjusted emissions estimates are modelled using X13ARIMA-SEATS.

The Air Emission Accounts include only direct emissions, defined as ‘scope 1’ under the GHG protocol guidance.

Due to the method used to estimate these series, quarterly estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from consumer expenditure should not be calculated by subtracting the estimates of GHG/CO2 emissions minus consumer expenditure (Table 2 and 4) from the total GHG/CO2 series (Table 1 and 3).

Consumer expenditure refers to the consumption of fuels and other products by individuals in the UK, as opposed to the production of these by industry.

Emission intensity is calculated as the total emissions divided by gross valve added at basic prices, chained volume measures with (2022) as the base and reference year.