Public opinions and social trends, Great Britain: 8 to 20 November 2022

The following information is for the latest survey period 8 to 20 November 2022, based on adults in Great Britain.

• When asked about the issues facing the UK today, 93% of adults reported the cost of living as an important issue; other issues frequently reported as important included the NHS (84%), the economy (81%) and climate change and the environment (69%).

• Around 9 in 10 (94%) adults reported their cost of living had increased compared with a year ago, while a lower percentage (76%) reported an increase in their cost of living compared with one month ago.

• The most common actions reported by adults because of the rising cost of living were spending less on non-essentials (68%), and using less fuel, such as gas or electricity, in their homes (63%); these have increased since we first started asking about this in the period 15 December 2021 to 3 January 2022.

• People living in the most deprived areas in England more frequently reported spending less on food and essentials (58%) compared with those living in the least deprived areas (33%), whereas those living in the least deprived areas appeared more likely to report making energy efficiency improvements to their home (35%) than people in the most deprived areas (24%).

• Among those who reported they have gas or electricity supplied to their home, around 1 in 25 (4%) reported they were behind on these bills; this appeared higher (10%) among those living in the most deprived areas in England compared with those living in the least deprived areas (2%).

• Over half (55%) of adults reported that they were worried (very or somewhat) about keeping warm in their home this winter; people living in the most deprived areas in England (70%) were more likely to be worried about this than those living in the least deprived areas (46%).

• Around three-quarters (77%) of adults reported being worried (very or somewhat) about rising costs of living in the past two weeks; people living in the most deprived areas in England were more likely to be worried about this (84%) than those in the least deprived areas (70%).

• When asked about how they were feeling about the future in response to the times we are living in now, around half (49%) of all adults reported they were unsure (very or fairly) of the future; this increased to 55% among those in the most deprived areas of England but was 45% among those in the least deprived areas.

Important issues

Estimates in this release are based on data collected between 8 and 20 November 2022 (the "latest period") and 26 October and 6 November 2022 (the "previous period"). Analysis is based on adults in Great Britain. We have also looked at how the actions people are taking in response to increases in the cost of living vary by the level of deprivation of the area in which they live, based on the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD).

In the latest period, we asked adults what they feel are important issues facing the UK today (Figure 1). The most commonly reported issues were the same as in the previous period:

• the cost of living (93%)

• the NHS (84%)

• the economy (81%)

• climate change and the environment (69%)

Cost of living increases

In the latest period, we continued to ask adults about changes to their cost of living.

Around 9 in 10 (94%) reported their cost of living had increased compared with a year ago. Around three-quarters (76%) reported an increase in their cost of living compared with one month ago. This was an increase from 62% when we first asked about this in the period 3 to 14 November 2021.

Reasons for cost of living increases

The main reasons reported by adults for the rise in their cost of living over the past month were an increase in:

• the price of food shopping (95%)
• their gas or electricity bills (68%)
• the price of fuel (55%)

The most common actions reported by all adults because of the rising cost of living in the latest period were spending less on non-essentials (68%) and using less fuel such as gas or electricity in their home (63%).

The proportion undertaking the most common actions of spending less on non-essential goods and using less fuel such as gas and electricity in the home has increased since we first started asking about this in the period 15 December 2021 to 3 January 2022. Then, the proportion reporting these actions was 48% and 28% respectively.

Note there are strong seasonal usage patterns relating to gas and electricity that may affect people's use of fuel gas and electricity even in the absence of energy price increases.

By contrast, the proportion of people reporting using their savings to fund their spending has remained more stable since we first asked this in the period 15 December 2021 to 3 January 2022 (Figure 2).

Actions taken because of the rising cost of living, by deprivation

In this release we have looked at how the actions people are taking in response to increases in cost of living vary by the level of deprivation of the area in which they live, based on the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). We have classified areas into five quintiles ranging from the most deprived to least deprived fifth of areas. Estimates are provided for England only given the relatively smaller sample sizes on the Opinions and Lifestyle Survey in Scotland and Wales.

People living in the most deprived fifth of areas in England more frequently reported spending less on food and essentials (58%) compared with those living in the least deprived fifth of areas in England (33%) (Figure 3).

Those living in the least deprived fifth of areas appeared more likely to report making energy efficiency improvements to their home (35%) than people in most deprived areas (24%) (Figure 4).

There was not a clear trend in using less fuel such as gas or electricity in the home, by deprivation of the area in England in which people lived, with the proportion reporting this ranging from 57% to 69% by deprivation quintile (Figure 5).

Estimates for other actions people report taking broken down by IMD quintile in England can be found in the household finances dataset.

Worries about cost of living

Around three-quarters (77%) of adults reported being very or somewhat worried about rising costs of living in the past two weeks (76% in the previous period).

In the latest period, people living in the most deprived fifth of areas in England were more likely to be worried about the rising cost of living (84%) than those in least deprived areas (70%).

Energy bills

Around half (45%) of adults who pay energy bills said they found it very or somewhat difficult to afford them in the latest period (47% in the previous period).

This proportion was over 6 in 10 (63%) among those living in the most deprived fifth of areas in England compared with around 1 in 3 (35%) among those living in the least deprived fifth of areas in England.

This proportion appeared to decrease with age, at 53% among those aged 16 to 29 years, 49% among those aged 30 to 49 years, 43% among those aged 50 to 69 years and 35% among those aged 70 years and over.

Among those who reported they have gas or electricity supplied to their home, around 1 in 25 (4%) reported they were behind on their bills. This proportion has appeared to be relatively stable since we first started asking this question in March 2022.

Around 1 in 10 (10%) of those living in the most deprived fifth of areas in England reported this compared with around 1 in 50 (2%) among those living in the least deprived fifth of areas in England.

There are strong seasonal spending patterns relating to gas and electricity that may affect these results. For more information on this and recent price rises for gas and electricity, please see our latest Consumer price inflation, UK: October 2022 data.

Rent or mortgage payments

Around 3 in 10 (30%) of those who are currently paying rent or mortgage payments reported that these payments have gone up in the last six months (34% in the previous period).

Around a third (34%) of those who are currently paying rent or mortgage payments reported that they are finding it very or somewhat difficult to afford these payments (37% in the previous period).

In the latest period, around a third (35%) of those living in the most deprived fifth of areas in England reported this compared with around 2 in 10 (22%) among those living in the least deprived fifth of areas in England.

Around 1 in 33 (3%) of those currently paying rent or mortgage payments reported they were behind with these payments. This proportion was slightly higher among those living in the most deprived fifth of areas in England (5%).

Among adults with a mortgage, around half (48%) reported being very or somewhat worried about the changes in mortgage interest rates, and around a quarter (25%) reported being somewhat unworried or not at all worried.

Our Impact of increased cost of living on adults across Great Britain: June to September 2022 article explores the impact that increases in the cost of living have had in more detail. It includes the characteristics of adults who are experiencing difficulty affording or are behind with their energy bills, mortgage or rent payments.

Keeping warm this winter

In this period, we asked adults how worried they were about keeping warm in their home this winter:

• over half (55%) reported being very or somewhat worried (56% in previous period)
• around 1 in 5 (20%) reported being neither worried nor unworried (24% in previous period)
• around 1 in 5 (22%) reported being somewhat unworried or not at all worried (17% in previous period)

People living in the most deprived fifth of areas in England were more likely to be very or somewhat worried about keeping warm (70%) than those living in the least deprived fifth of areas in England (46%) (Figure 6).

Certainty about the future

In the latest period, we asked adults how they were feeling about the future in response to the times we are living in now. Around half (49%) of all adults reported they were unsure (very or fairly) of the future. This is similar to the last time we asked this question in the period 12 to 23 October 2022 (52%). In the latest period, this proportion was 55% among those from the most deprived areas in England but was 45% among those from the least deprived areas.

Personal well-being

This period, we continued to ask respondents about their personal well-being. Average levels of personal well-being were:

• life satisfaction: 6.8 in the latest period (the same as in in the previous period)
• feeling that the things done in life are worthwhile: 7.2 in the latest period (7.1 in the previous period)
• happiness: 6.8 in the latest period (the same as in the previous period)
• anxiety: 4.1 in the latest period (4.0 in the previous period) (Figure 7)

Average levels of life satisfaction, happiness and anxiety appear to have worsened slightly since August 2022 (3 to 14 August 2022). Our Personal well-being quarterly estimates technical report provides more information on the seasonal variation associated with measures of personal well-being.

Figure 7: Levels of personal well-being

Adults in Great Britain, March 2020 to November 2022

Notes:

1. Questions included: "Overall, how satisfied are you with your life nowadays?", "Overall, to what extent do you feel that the things you do in your life are worthwhile?", "Overall, how happy did you feel yesterday?", and "Overall, how anxious did you feel yesterday?.
2. These questions are answered on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 is "not at all" and 10 is "completely".
3. Base: all adults.

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Loneliness

Around one-quarter (26%) of adults reported feeling lonely always, often, or some of the time in the latest period (25% in the previous period).

For further estimates on people's personal well-being and loneliness, including breakdowns by age, sex and trends over time, please see our Personal well-being and loneliness dataset.

Location of work

Around 7 in 10 (72%) working adults travelled to work at some point in the past seven days (71% in the previous period). This includes:

• 47% who only travelled to work in the past seven days (46% in the previous period)

• 25% who reported both working from home and travelling to work (hybrid working) in the past seven days (the same as in the previous period)

Around 13% of working adults said they worked from home exclusively in the past seven days (12% in the previous period). A further 15% neither travelled to work nor worked from home (16% in the previous period).

Estimates regarding the actions taken to reduce the spread and the social impacts of coronavirus (COVID-19) and other illnesses, with trends over time and breakdowns by age and sex, can be found in our Coronavirus (COVID-19) and other illnesses dataset.

This release contains data and indicators from a module being undertaken through the Office for National Statistics's (ONS) Opinions and Lifestyle Survey (OPN).

Breakdowns by age and sex, including confidence intervals for the estimates, are contained in our Public opinion and social trends, Great Britain datasets.

Where changes in results from previous weeks are presented in this bulletin or comparisons between estimates are made, associated confidence intervals should be used to assess the statistical significance of the differences.

Sampling and weighting

In the latest period (8 to 20 November 2022), we sampled 4,982 households. This sample was randomly selected from those who had previously completed the Labour Market Survey (LMS) or OPN. The responding sample for the latest period contained 2,126 individuals, representing a 43% response rate.

Survey weights were applied to make estimates representative of the population (based on ONS population estimates). Further information on the survey design and quality can be found in our Opinions and Lifestyle Survey QMI.