"Figure 6: Females saw significant reductions in years lived without disability in several deciles","" "Change in disability-free life expectancy at birth, England, 2015 to 2017 and 2018 to 2020","" "","" "Notes","1. Mortality data include all usual residents. 2. The health state prevalence estimates used to estimate disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) are sourced from Annual Population Survey (APS) data and data from the 2011 Census. The APS excludes residents of communal establishments, except NHS housing and students in halls of residence where inclusion takes place at their parents’ address. 3. Deprivation deciles are based on the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019 (IMD 2019). Decile 1 represents the most deprived 10% (or decile) of small areas in England, and Decile 10 represents the least deprived 10%. 4. The absence of columns indicates no change in DFLE rounded to one decimal place." "Unit","Years" "","" "IMD Deciles","Female","Male" "1","-1.5","-0.9" "2","-1.9","-1.3" "3","-1.1","-0.7" "4","-1.7","-1.1" "5","-0.9","0" "6","-1.7","-0.5" "7","-1.9","-0.5" "8","-0.9","-1" "9","0.7","-0.2" "10","-1.2","-0.5"